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NATIONAL ADVERTISING COMPANY- ADDITIONAL SURSURFACE INVESTIGATION HEALTH AND SAFETY PLAN will not be initiated until this review is completed and any identified deficiencies corrected to the p.. satisfaction of the Health and Safety Professional. The Health and Safety Professional may issue an exemption to this requirement based on the nature of the work activities to be undertaken. 5.2 ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN 5.2.1 Gasoline Gasoline is a complex mixture of hydrocarbons and additives, used primarily as a motor fuel. Gasoline posses a moderate to high vapor pressure. The lower explosive limit for gasoline is 1.1 % concentration in a.� air, and fire/explosion can be significant in enclosed spaces where airborne concentrations may accumulate. LM Chronic exposures or exposures to a high concentration of gasoline vapor may cause unconsciousness, coma, and possible death from respiratory failure. Exposure to low concentrations of gasoline vapor may produce flushing of the face, slurred speech, and mental confusion. Gasoline is also irritating to the skin, and may cause drying and dermatitis as a result of prolonged contact. Various components and additives of gasolines can themselves present significant additional hazards. The aromatic compounds benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are of greatest concern in relation to site investigation activities, and are addressed separately below. However some additives used for octane control (e.g., methyl tert-butyl ether - MTBE), oxygenation (e.g., alcohols and MTBE) and water scavenging (e.g., ethylene glycol methyl ether - EGME) can also present significant hazards as a result of prolonged inhalation or skin exposure. In the past tetra -ethyl and tetra -methyl lead, both of which have been identified as carcinogens and present moderate skin contact hazards, were added to gasoline for anti -knock control. Both the OSHA PEL and ACGIH TLV for gasoline are 300 ppm. Control of inhalation exposure to gasoline (and its various constituents and additives) can be accomplished through the use of air purifying ,`. respirators equipped with organic vapor cartridges. The use of skin protection (chemically -protective gloves, etc.) is required when handling gasoline -contaminated materials. Lo 5.2.2 BTEX Due to the petroleum refining process, the following materials can be found as trace components in refined fuels. Benzene Benzene is a known human carcinogen, Prolonged skin contact with benzene or excessive inhalation of its vapor may cause headache, weakness, loss of appetite, and lassitude. Continued exposure can cause collapse, bronchitis, and pneumonia. The most important health hazards are cancer (leukemia), bone marrow effects, and injuries to the blood -forming tissue from chronic low-level exposure. The OSHA PEL is 1 ppm, and the ACGIH TLV is 0.5 ppm. A- Toluene Exposure to vapors of toluene may cause irritation of the eyes, nose, upper respiratory tract, and skin. ti., Exposure to 200 ppm for S hours causes mild fatigue, weakness, confusion, tearing, and a sensation of hslprojsuplcominachasp.doc 5-4 02/09M 1..