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1797 Carbon Monoxide
<br /> cuing enzyme which catalyzes the hydration of CO, Found USE: As reducing agent in metallurgical operational
<br /> in higher comms in erythrocytes, rural cortex, and gastric cially in the Mond process for the recovery of nickel;'- Y
<br /> mucosa of mammals:also found in other animal tissues, in organic synthesis especially in the Fischer-Tropsch pr
<br /> plants and in some bacteria. Isola from bovine erythrocytes: for petroleum-type products and in the oxo reaction;in
<br /> Lindskog, Biochim. Biophyx Acta 39, 218 (1960); from manuf of metal carbonyls.
<br /> human erythrocytes: Nyman. ibid.52, 1 (1961):from renal 1798. Cuban Suboxide. Tricarbon dioxide. C,O,j
<br /> cortex: Hither. Proc Sur. Exp. Biot Med 49, 87 (1942);
<br /> from gastric mucosa: Davenport. Physiol Rev. 26, 560 wt 68.03. C 52.96%,O 47.0476. O=C=C=C=O. pit
<br /> (1946). Human carbonic anhydrase consists of two is0m- by thermal decomp t of malonic acid: Glemser in Hand
<br /> zymes with distinctly diffvatt amino acid sequences and of Preparative Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 1, G. Brauer;:
<br /> specific activities. The high activity form is called carbonic (Academic Press New York, 2nd ed.. 1963) , Ru
<br /> a ;.
<br /> 648. I
<br /> anhydrase C; the low activity form is called B; modified tions in organic synthesis: Dashkevich. Bailin,
<br /> forms of these two isoenzymes exist: Funakoshi,Deutsch,J. Rev. 36, 391 (1967). Comprehensive reviews: Rey
<br /> Biot Chem.243,6474(1968):244,3438(1969). Amino acid Kobe. Chem. Rev& 7, 479 (1930): Vol'kenshtein, U "
<br /> sequence of carbonic anhydrase B: Miteret 0l., Bio- Khim. 4, 610 (1935); Grauer. Chimia 14, 11 (1960}5
<br /> m
<br /> chem. Biophys Rex Comva 48,670(1972):); Lin.Deutsch. Kappa E. Ziegler. Artgew. Chem. Int. Ed. 17,
<br /> J. Biot Chem.248, 1885(1973):sequence of carbonic anhy- (1974)• reprinted in New Synthetic Methods of. 1 (Verlag
<br /> drase C: Henderson, Henriksson. Biochem. Bfophys Res Chemie, Wcmheim. 1975)pp 29-69.
<br /> Commun.52, 1389(1973.Lin,Deutsch.J. Bial. Chem.249, Colorless, highly refractive liquid or colorless gas w
<br /> 2329 (1974). Crystal structure of carbonic anhydrase C: bums with a blue,sooty flame. Odor like acrolein and in
<br /> IAljas et al..Nature New Biot 235,131(1972). Catalyzes the lard oil. cop—I I1.Y. bp,.6.1r. de 1.114. ng 1.45394;—xt
<br /> reversible reaction of CO, and H2O to HCOj and Ht. 1.46757. Vapor pressure al 0': 587-589 mm. Explosn;
<br /> limits,6 to 30 vol%in air. Dipole moment: 0.7D.
<br /> Permits CO interchange between blood and tissues. In gas- Thc:-
<br /> trie mucosa,reaction rate is sufficient to neutralim the excess modynamic constants: Thompson, Trans Faraday So-37,
<br /> alkalinity produced by the ionization of water and accretion 249(1941). The gas can be stored at pressures of up to Iii
<br /> of hydrogen ions: Roughton.Clark in The Enzymes vol. 1, mm, but even at these pressures polymerization may oats;
<br /> part 2, J. B. Sumner, K. Myrbiick, Eds. (Academic Press, giving a red. water-sol product. This invariably occurs at
<br /> New York, 1951)pp 1250.1265. In the kidney,participates higher pressure or in the liquid state. Polymerization fan'1.
<br /> in Nay transport. Review of physiology: Maren in Oxygen mated by presence of PO,. Dec when passed through heated
<br /> Affinity of Hemoglobin and Red Cell Acid Base Status.Alfred Blass tubes' forming a mirror surface. Difficultly sol is
<br /> Deman Symposium IV, P. Astrup. M. Roerth, Eds. (Aca- carbon disulfide, xylene. With water forms malonic acid
<br /> dernic Press.New York.1972)pp 418-433. Review of metal quantitatively. Forms malonamide with ammonia.
<br /> ion function: Prince. Woolley. Angew. Chem. Int Ed 11, USE: Prepn of malonates;improving dye affinity of fiber
<br /> 408-417(1972). Review. Lindskog et aL,"Carbonic Anhy. Caution: In small amounts acts as a lacrimator; in high
<br /> drase"in The Enzymes vol.S.P. D. Boyer. Ed. (Academic concns attacks eyes nose, respiratory organs, producing a
<br /> Press New York. 1971)pp 587-665. feeling of suffocation. /
<br /> 1799. Carbon Tetrachloride. Tarachforomethane;PQ.
<br /> 1797. Carbon Monoxide. CO:mol wt 28.01. C 42.88%.
<br /> O 57.12%. Produced on an industrial scale by partial oxida• chloromethane: Necatorina: f3enzinoform. CCI,: mol cal
<br /> tion of hydrocarbon ries from natural gas or the goal- 153.84. C 7.81%a CI 92.19%. Obtained from carbon disul.
<br /> Y B Y fide and chlorine in presence of a catalyst, e.g.. SbCls, R
<br /> fication of coal and coke. Conveniently prepd in the labors- filings.or by the chlorination of hydrocarbons: Faith.Keya
<br /> tory by hcating calcium carbonate with Zn dusU Wein. g; Clark's Industrial Chemicals F. A. Lowenheim, M. K
<br /> house, J.Am. Chem. Son 70,442(1948);by dehydration of Moran. Eds.(Wiley-Interscience. New York,4th ed.. 1975)
<br /> formic acid with HtSO,: Gilliland.Blanchard, Inorg.Syn.2, pp 230-234: H. D. DeShon in Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of
<br /> 81 (1946). Purification of carbon monoxide bought in steel Chemical Technology vol.5(Wiley-Interscience, New York,
<br /> cylinders: A. Klem nc, Die Behandlung and Reindarstellung 3rd ed., 1979)pp 704-714. Toxicity: E. Browning. Toxicity
<br /> van Crasen(Vienna, 1948) p 160. Glemser in Handbook of and Metabolism of Industrial Solvents(Elsevier, New York,
<br /> Preparative Inorganic Chemistry vol.1,G. Brauer.Ed.(Aca- 1965)pp 173-188. Review of carcinogenicity studies: IARC
<br /> dermic Press, New York. 2nd ed., 1963) p 646. Review of Monographs 20.371-399(1979).
<br /> toxic effects in humans: Stewart. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 15, Colorless,clear, nonflammable, heavy liquid; characten
<br /> 409423 (1975). Review C. M. Banish, G. M. Drissel in tic odor. civ 1.589. by 76.7% Solidifies at —23-. np 1.4607. i
<br /> Kirk-Othmer Encyclopedia of Chemical Technology vol. 4 One ml dissolves in 2000 ml water:mist with alcohol,benz-
<br /> (Wiley-Interscience. New York. 3rd ed., 1978)pp 772-793. me, chloroform, ether, carbon disulfide, petr ether, oils..
<br /> Highly poisonous,odorless,colorless. tasteless gas. Very LC.for mice: 9528 ppm.Svirbely. J. Ind. Hyl. Toxicol.29,
<br /> flammable,burns in air with a bright blue flame. Ignition pt 382(1947),
<br /> in air: 700'. cop —205.0'. by —191.5'. d�tss(liq)0.814. d Human Toxicity: Poisoning by inhalation, ingestion or
<br /> (gas)0.968(air = 1.000). dQ at 760mm: 1.2506/liter. The skin absorption. Acute: nausea. vomiting, diarrhea, head-
<br /> top pressure is 15M psi. Flammable limits in air: 12 to 75 ache, stupor, renal damage leading to anuria and azotemis.
<br /> vol%. Crit press 35 atm,crit temp —13T. Heat capacity liver injury. Can be fatal. Chronic: primarily liver damage
<br /> at 20-: 6.95 cal/mole/'C. Heat value per ms: 3033 kcal. but kidney injury and visual disturbances also occur. Skin
<br /> Heat of formation: —26.39 kcal/mol. Doc into carbon and contact can lead ten dermatitis through defatting action.
<br /> carbon dioxide between 400 and 700-,at lower temp when in Caution: Alcohol intensifies action. This substance has bean.
<br /> contact with catalytic surfaces. Above 801*the equilibrium listed as a carcinogen by the EPA: Second Annual Report on
<br /> reaction favors CO formation. Hopealite, a mixture of the Carcinogens(NTP 81-43, Dec. 1981)pp 73-75.
<br /> oxides of manganese and copper. catalyzes the decompn at USE: As fire extinguisher:for cleaning clothing; rendering
<br /> room temp.as does Pd on silica get. Sparingly sol in water: benzin nonflammable: as azeotropic drying agent for wet
<br /> 3.3 ml/100 ml H2O at 0% 2.3 ml/100 ml H2O at 20°;freely spark plugs in automobiles;as solvent for oils,fats,lacquers
<br /> absorbed by a coned soln of cuprous chloride in HCI or in varnishes, rubber waxes. resins;extracting oil from fiOWCM
<br /> NH,OH. Appreciably sol in some organic solvents,such as seeds; exterminating destructive insects; solvent; starting
<br /> ethyl acetate,CHCl,.acetic acid. The soly in methanol and material in manuf of many organic compds. Caution: May:
<br /> ethanol is about 7 times as great as the soly in water. form phosgene when used to put out electrical fires. the
<br /> Caution; Combines with the hemoglobin of the blood to only when adequate ventilation a possible
<br /> form carboxyhemoglobin which Is useless as an oxygen car- THERAP CAT: Anthelmintic.
<br /> rier. Toxic Symptoms Headache.mental dullness,dizziness, niERAP CAT(YET): Anthelmintic.
<br /> weakness, nausea. vomiting, loss of muscular control, in-
<br /> creased then decreased pulse and respiratory rates.collapse, 1800. Carbon Tetrafluoride. Tetrafluoromethane; Fran
<br /> unconsciousness,death. Antidote., Oxygen. See Patty's In- on-14. CF,; mol wt 88.01. C 13.65%. F 86.35%. Prepd.,
<br /> dustrial Hygiene and Toxicology vol. 2C, G. D. Clayton. F. from carbon or carbon monoxide and fluorine: Yost, /narg.'
<br /> E. Clayton, Eds. (Wiley-Interscience, New York. 3rd ed., Syn.1,34(1939):Simons.Block.J.Am. Chem.Soc.619 296Y.
<br /> 1982)pp 4114-4124. (1939); Kwasnik in Handbook of Preparative lnorgamkq
<br /> Page 252 Commit the eros index before using this section.
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