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Nkoll -moll <br /> Braces for Excavation -the horizontal members of the shoring system, the ends of which <br /> bear against the uprights or stringers. <br /> Ewthwork -the process of excavating, moving, storing, placing, and working any type of <br /> earth materials. <br /> Excavation - a man-made cavity or depression in the earth's surface, including its sides, <br /> walls, or faces formed by the removal of materials, and producing unsupported earth <br /> conditions by reason of such removal. If installed forms or similar structures reduce the <br /> depth-to-width relationship, the excavation may become a trench. <br /> Exploration Shaft-a shaft created and used for the purpose of obtaining subsurface data. <br /> Geotechnical Sit-(GTS) - a person registered by the State as Certified Engineering <br /> Geologist, or a Registered Civil Engineer trained in soil mechanics, or an engineering <br /> geologist or civil engineer with a minimum of 3 years applicable experience working under <br /> the direct supervision of either a Certified Engineering Geologist or Registered Civil <br /> Engineer. <br /> Hard Comfit.- all earth material not classified as running soil. <br /> Hydraulic Shoring - a shoring system using hydraulic cylinders, planks, nails, plywood or <br /> steel beams to support the excavated wall of trenches. <br /> Lagging - boards which are joined, side-by-side, lining an excavation. <br /> Running Soil - earth material where the angle of repose is approximately zero, as in the <br /> case of soil in a nearly liquid state, or dry, unpacked sand which flows freely under slight <br /> pressure. Running material also includes loose or disturbed earth that can be only <br /> contained with solid sheeting. <br /> - an excavation under the earth's surface in which the depth is much greater than <br /> its cross-sectional dimensions(such as those formed to serve as wells, cesspools, certain <br /> foundation footings, and under streets, railroads, buildings, etc.). <br /> Shore - a supporting member that resists a compressive force imposed by a load. <br /> Shoring em - a temporary structure for the support of earth surfaces formed as a <br /> result of excavation work. <br /> Sides. Walls. and Faces - the vertical or inclined earth surfaces formed as a result of <br /> excavation work. <br /> EMTRNCH.POL/MG #2 <br />