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INSPECTING FOR POTENTIAL CAUSES OF JOINT FAILURE Joint Baokout - When assembling a bell and spigot joint, a bead of adhesive is normally formed at the edge of the bell. If the joint is not lockedup and backs out before the adhesive cures, the bead will no longer be next to the edge of the bell. Cooked Joint - If a joint is cocked or misaligned, there will usually be a large gap between the bell and spigot on one side. The opposite side will usually have a smaller or no gap. Misalignment is easier to detect if one sights down the line and views the joint from a distance. When using heat assist, the pipe may bend if it is under stress while curing. in this case it is extremely difficult to determine if the pipe is bent because of heating or if it is a cocked joint. Avoid making up pipe and fitting joints when pipe is under stress. Improperly Cured Joint - If the adhesive bead is soft or flexible, the adhesive is not sufficiently cured. If the bead is cured, it is hard and brittle when checked with a knife. When the bead is not hard after exposure to the recommended temperature and time cycle, the adhesive was not mixed properly. Weather Damage - if a joint has been exposed to sunlight for a period of time and the machined area has turned from white in color to yellow or brown and was bonded without a proper repair, the joint may be suspect and could leak or even separate. Inspect for color change on all machined areas before bonding. Although not all inclusive, the conditions mentioned above are the most common indications of failure to achieve a properly assembled joint. All damaged or improperly assembled joints must be replaced. See Repair Procedures on pages i 1-12. TESTING RECOMMENDATIONS Safety Precautions NOV FIBER GLASS SYSTEMS SHALL NOT BE LIABLE UNDER ANY WARRANTY, CONTRACT, OR IN TORT, FOR ANY RESULTING INJURY TO PERSONNEL OR DAMAGE TO EQUIPMENT, PIPE, OR OTHER PERSONAL_ PROPERTY FOR FAILURE TO FOLLOW THE PROCEDURES AND COMPLY WITH THE PRECAUTIONS SET FORTH. As in any system where pressure is employed, adequate safety precautions should be exercised. In buried applications, it is suggested that long pipe runs be partially backfilled at various points to secure them in place. All joints and connections should be left exposed for inspection. NOV Fiber Glass Systems does not recommend testing any installation with air or gas because of the safety hazards created. The light weight, flexibility, and elasticity of fiberglass pipe creates different conditions than are present with steel pipe. If a failure should occur while testing fiberglass pipe with air or gas, the system would be subject to considerable whipping and other shook-induoed conditions due to the sudden release of stored energy. The violent release can cause severe personal injury or death to personnel in the area and can also cause damage to the pipe or other property. If a line is tested with air- or gas, NOV Fiber Glass Systems will not be. responsible for any resulting injury to personnel or damage to property, including the pipe. Such testing is done entirely at the risk of those involved. Test Procedures Installed pipe systems should be tested prior to use to assure soundness of all joints and connections. In testing, sudden pressure surges or "water hammer" must be avoided, as in some instances surge or hammer can produce pressures of several times the rating of the pipe and fittings. Locate pressure gauge in close proximity to the pressurizing equipment, not directly on the piping system. A pressure gauge with the test pressure at mid scale is recommended. The. normal recommended procedure istoconduct a hydrostatic cyclic pressure test. The piping system is subjected to 10 pressurization cycles at 11/2 times the anticipated or design operating pressure. The test pressure should riot exceed 11iz times the maximum rated operating pressure for the lowest rated element in the system. Rreseure is then kept on the system for 1-8 hours while the line is Inspected for leaks. Air Test Procedures and Safety Precautions TESTING WITH AIR OR GAS IS EXTREMELY DANGEROUS AND SHOULD NOT BE DONE. CONSULT YOUR REPRESENTATIVE OR CALL 501-568-4010 FOR TECHNICAL ASSISTANCE, IF YOU CONTEMPLATE EXCEEDING THE RECOMMENDED PRESSURES FOR THE LOWEST RATED ELEMENT OF THE SYSTEM OR IF YOU CONTEMPLATE USING AIR OR GAS IN SPITE OF THE WARNING, REVIEW ALL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS BEFORE STARTING THE TEST. If testing with air or gas is required or requested to be performed, the following testing procedures and precautions must be followed. EXERCISE DUE CARE IN INSTALLING AND TESTING THE PIPING SYSTEM. • Visually inspect all bonded joints for proper insertion and adhesive cure prior to pressurizing the piping system. A gap between the adhesive bead and the fitting shoulder indicates the possibility that joint failure exists. Make any necessary repairs before pressurizing the piping system. • Check the integrity of the joints by pressurizing the system to 25 psig (0.172 MPa) and holding the pressure for a minimum of one minute. Soap all joints to test for leaks. • If there are no leaks, raise the line pressure in the system to a maximum of 50 psig (0.345 MPa). Again, hold the pressure for fa least one minute and soap all joints to check for leaks. • As serious personal injury or death can result, the pipe inspector should take precautions for his/her personal safety and protection against flying debris and also against the whipping action of the pipe that can result from the sudden release of stored energy. Goggles should be worn to protect against flying debris. 19-