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GE GENESIS ENGINEERING&REDEVELOPMENT 4.0 EVALUATION OF REMEDIAL ACTION ALTERNATIVES The goal of this Removal Action Work Plan is to reduce the human health risk at the Site to receive a No Further Action determination for the property with unrestricted future use. The following sections will detail how this objective will be met. 4.1 Remedial Alternatives and Costs Remedial alternatives including natural attenuation, soil washing, isolation/stabilization, and excavation and disposal were considered for the Site, and are discussed below in terms of their effectiveness in meeting remedial goals, implementability, and costs. Natural Attenuation • Effectiveness: Does not provide protection of human health and the environment, may not gain closure for the parcel in a timely manner,may require a deed or land use restrictions • Implementability: Readily implemented,technically and administratively feasible, no labor or materials needed • Cost: Nothing unless monitoring was required Soil Washing • Effectiveness: Soil washing can treat all the constituents of concern. The COPC tend to be associated with fine-grained materials, and the process separates silt and clay from sand and gravel. After separation, coarse-grained fraction of soil can be used to backfill excavation after analytical testing indicates soil is not impacted. The fine-grained fraction of soil will require off-Site disposal. • Implementability: Requires excavation equipment, a soil washing unit, a large area to house the equipment when soil washing is occurring. • Cost: Approximately $150 per yd (for 700 yd total at the Site, approximately $105,000),plus disposal costs for fine-grained fractions. Isolation/Stabilization • Effectiveness: Does not remove constituents of concern, but immobilizes them and makes it less likely to affect human health and the environment, requires a method to bind the constituent of concern to the soil, restricts future land use. • Implementability: Need amendment to add to soil and method to mix the amendment with the soil. Former Gordon Research Company Property I I of 20 Removal Action Workplan June 2017