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Draft Supplemental Environmental Impact Report Page IV.D-1 _ Forward Inc. Landfill 2014 Expansion Project J D. AIR QUALITY/ ODORS / CLIMATE CHANGE This section updates the existing air quality conditions both within the vicinity of the proposed Forward Landfill Expansion project and its surrounding region, the associated regulatory framework, and the analysis of potential air quality impacts that would result from the proposed changes to the 2013 FEIR project, as described in this Supplemental EIR(see Chapter III, Project Description). In summary, compared to the project analyzed in the 2013 EIR, the additional airspace has been reduced from 32 million cubic yards to 8.0 million cubic yards and the closure date has changed from 2039 to 2031. It also updates the potential impacts of the proposed changes to the project on regional and local air quality, including temporary impacts due to construction of project components and long-term impacts due to operations. Lastly, an _ updated assessment of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions was also conducted. The impacts and mitigations in this section replace those in Section IV.D of the 2013 EIR. The air quality analysis was conducted in accordance with published guidance, including the San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District's (SJVAPCD) Guidance for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts (GAMAQI),. The air quality impact analysis conducted by SCS Engineers2(See Appendix F) was peer reviewed for this SEIR by the RCH Group's air quality specialists, and summarized in this section. Setting Topography/Meteorology/Climate Primary factors influencing air quality are the locations of air pollutant sources and the amounts of pollutants emitted. Meteorological and topographic conditions determine the movement and dispersal of criteria'air pollutants and include factors such as wind speed and direction, as well as interaction between air temperature gradients and physical landscape features. The project area lies within the San Joaquin Valley Air Basin(SJVAB), a relatively topographically broad,flat area (250 miles long and 35 miles wide) bordered on the east by the Sierra Nevada Mountains;on the west by the Coast Ranges;and to the south by the Tehachapi Mountains. Airflow in the SJVAB is primarily influenced by marine air that enters through the Carquinez Straits where the San Joaquin-Sacramento Delta empties into the San Francisco Bay. The region's topographic features restrict air movement through and out of the basin. As a result, the SJVAB is highly susceptible to pollutant accumulation over time. Frequent transport of pollutants into the SJVAB from upwind sources also negatively contributes to air quality. Wind speed and direction play an important role in dispersion and transport of air pollutants. During summer periods, winds usually originate from the north end of the San Joaquin Valley and flow in a south-southeasterly direction through the valley, through the Tehachapi pass and into the neighboring Southeast Desert Air Basin. During winter months, winds occasionally 'San Joaquin Valley Air Pollution Control District(SJVAPCD),Guidance for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts(GAMAQI),April 2012. 2 SCS Engineers,Air Quality Impact Analysis and Air Toxics Risk Assessment for Proposed Landfill Project 2014 Forward Landfill Manteca,California,November 2014. 3"Criteria"air pollutants are defined as those for which the U.S.Environmental Protection Agency(EPA)has set National Ambient Air Quality Standards(NAAQS)under the Federal Clean Air Act(CAA),and include Ozone(03), Nitrogen Dioxide(NO2),Sulfur Dioxide(SO2),Lead(Pb),Carbon Monoxide(CO),Particulate Matter with mean aerodynamic particle diameters of 10 micrometers or less(PM,d and Particulate Matter with mean aerodynamic particle diameters of 2.5 micrometers or less(PM,)