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Table IV.D-1 <br /> State and National Criteria Air Pollutant Standards, Effects, and Sources <br /> _ � <br /> Pollutant Averaging TimeState National Pollutant Health and Atmospheric Major Pollutant Sources <br /> Standard Standard <br /> 0/olle I f om 0.09ppm - High concentrations can directly affect Fonned when volatile organic compounds and <br /> lungs,causing irritation. Long-term nitrogen oxides react in the presence of sunlight. Major <br /> I I 0.070 ppm 0.075 ppm exposure may cause damage to lung sources include on-road motor vehicles,solvent <br /> tissue. evaporation,and commercial/industrial mobile <br /> equipment. <br /> Carbon 1 Hour 20 ppm 35 ppm Classified as a chemical asphyxiant, Combustion,especially gasoline-powered motor <br /> Monoxide carbon monoxide interferes with the vehicles. <br /> (CO) 8 Hour 9.0 ppm 9 ppm transfer of fresh oxygen to the blood and <br /> deprives sensitive tissues of oxygen. <br /> Nitrogen 1 Hour 0.18 ppm 0.10 ppm Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract. Motor vehicles, petroleum-refining operations, <br /> Dioxide Colors atmosphere reddish-brown. industrial sources,aircraft,ships,and railroads. <br /> (NO,) Annual Arithmetic Mean 0.030 ppm 0.053 ppm <br /> Sulfur 1 Hour 0.25 ppm 0.075 ppm Irritates upper respiratory tract;injurious Combustion,chemical plants,sulfur recovery <br /> Dioxide to lung tissue. Can yellow the leaves of plants,and metal processing. <br /> (SO2) 24 Hour 0.04 ppm 0.14 ppm plants,destructive to marble,iron,and <br /> steel. Limits visibility and reduces <br /> Annual Arithmetic Mean - 0.030 ppm sunlight. <br /> Respirable 24 Hour 50µg/m' 150µg/m' May irritate eyes and respiratory tract, Dust and fume-producing industrial and <br /> Particulate decreases in lung capacity,cancer and agricultural operations,combustion,atmospheric <br /> Matter Annual Arithmetic Mean 20µg/m' increased mortality. Produces haze and photochemical reactions,and natural activities <br /> (PM") limits visibility. (e.g.,wind-raised dust and ocean sprays). <br /> Fine <br /> Particulate 24 Hour - 35µg/m' Increases respiratory disease,lung Combustion,primarily in motor vehicles, <br /> Matter damage,cancer,and premature death. equipment,and industrial sources;residential <br /> Mat <br /> Mat Reduces visibility and results in surface and agricultural burning;Also,formed from <br /> (PM'.') Annual Arithmetic Mean 12µg/m' 12.0µg/m' soiling. photochemical reactions of other pollutants: <br /> nitrogen oxides,sulfur oxides,and organics. <br /> Lead (Pb) 30 Day Average 1.5µg/m' - Disturbs gastrointestinal system,and Present sources:lead smelters,battery <br /> causes anemia,kidney disease,and manufacturing&recycling facilities. Past source: <br /> Calendar Quarter - 1.5µg/m neuromuscular and neurological combustion of leaded gasoline. <br /> dysfunction. <br /> Rolling 3-Month - 0.15µg/m' <br /> SOURCE:California Air Resource Board,June 4,2013,htti2://www.arb.ca.gtiv/i-esciirchZaaqs/aaqs2.12df NOTE: ppm=parts per million;pg/m'=micrograms per cubic meter <br />