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Draft Environmental P Impact Report Page IV.D-28 Forward Landfill Expansion i emissions of NO,, and VOC (ozone precursors). The proposed project would have a less than significant impact on ozone impacts (after mitigation). However, cumulative projects within the project vicinity would potentially result in a significant impact for ozone. The residual emissions from the project (after mitigation) would contribute to the overall ozone impact in the region. PM,o impacts are assessed by determining exposure to sensitive receptors near the project site from earth disturbing activities from the current project and any nearby projects that may occur at the same time. .According to SJVAPCD GAMAQI, if the level of earth disturbing activity may cause an adverse impact, enhanced dust control measures should be included to reduce the impact to less than significant levels. Thus, with Mitigation Measure IV.D-2, the cumulative impacts of PM,o would be less than significant. However, cumulative projects within the project vicinity would potentially result in a significant impact for particulate matter. Because the project would result in PM,')emissions from traffic and operations every day, the project contribution would be cumulatively considerable. For the cumulative CO hot spot analysis, traffic levels include all reasonably foreseeable projects that would contribute traffic to the intersections and road segments analyzed.In recent years, CO measurements are well below AAQS due to the retirement of older polluting vehicles, less emissions from new vehicles, and improvements in fuels. As a result, no future violations of the CO standard are anticipated from the project and any cumulative project in the vicinity. The cumulative CO impact would be less than F significant. The proposed project would result in a less than significant impact to human health (estimated 0.7 cancers per million persons at the maximum exposure residence). This analysis is based on conservative (overestimated) assumptions, and can be considered a worst—case analysis. The maximum incremental cancer risk is relatively small compared with the overall lifetime cancer incidence of 200,000 to 250,000 per million in the United States and a lifetime cancer incidence of 50 to 250 per million(due to air pollution)in California'5. Combined, the TAC cumulative impact of all projects and the proposed project would be significant. However, the contribution of the proposed project would be very minor in comparison to the total impact and the contribution of the proposed project would not be cumulatively considerable. With the incorporation of Mitigation Measures IV.D.1 and IV.D.2, the individual project impacts would be less than significant. Secondly, the project design characteristics are such that it would reduce regional impacts from criteria pollutants and TAC emissions. Nevertheless, the cumulative impact to air quality (especially ozone precursors and PM,o) from the proposed project would be significant. Mitigation Measure IV.D.7: Implement Mitigation Measures IV.D.1 and IV.D.2. ' However, even after mitigation,the cumulative impact would be significant. 1 zs EPA National-Scale Air Toxics Assessment, http://www.usatoday.com/news/nation/environment/county-cancer=map.htm and httn://www.eRa.gov/nata/