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Northern Expressway EnvlronmanIaf Report Table 15.2 Vibration and human perception of motion Appr ximate vibration level Degree of perception � C ©��S t p P4 �[� mm 6) �P 0631 0.10 Not Teff t� Istic, bOS,5S' 0.15 Threshold of perception ,Q13�5 0.35 Barely noticeable —0 1 �� D 10 S ,3 ,s Cot �� 4 L;tet✓ 0!AD 1.0 Noticeable OQ�9162.2 Easily noticeable �VkYT`� e Z�4a 6.0 Strongly noticeable 1cj t Nota The approximate content i t floors a trurtHz to are for vibration having frequency contain in the range of 8 Hz to 80 Hz nt, The Australian Standard AS 2670.2-1990:Evaluation of human exposure to whole-body vibration, Part 2: Continuous and shock induced vibration in buildings has been adopted as the relevant standard for nuisance vibration levels.The standard provides a collection of curves that specify acceptable vibration levels,at each frequency,for different circumstances. r Residents nearest to roadworks(i.e.<75 m),particularly during vibratory compaction of earthworks,may perceive vibrations although for a relatively short period considering the mobile nature of earthworks plant. Resident perception of vibration is accompanied typically by concerns of structural damage,thus increasing annoyance levels. Vibration effects on building contents Typical ground vibration from road and bridge construction activities occurs in the frequency range of approximately 8 Hz to 100 Hz,Within this frequency range,building contents such as blinds and pictures would commence visible movement at 0.5 mm/s.At vibration levels higher than 0.9 mmis,rattling of windows,crockery or loose objects would be audible and annoying. i Given the proximity of residential buildings adjacent to the proposed Northern Expressway alignment,this vibration symptom is not likely to occur for the majority of residents. Structural damage to buildings i There is no Australian Standard currently for assessment of building damage caused by vibrational energy. However,the British Standard 7385:Part 21993:Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings can be used as a guide to assess the likelihood of building damage from ground vibration. BS7385 suggests levels at which`cosmetic','minor'and'major'categories of damage might occur. Further to this,the German Standard DIN 4150—Part 3:Structural vibration in buildings—effects on ! structures,also provides recommended maximum levels of vibration to reduce the likelihood of building damage caused by vibration. Table 15.1 shows that the highest levels of vibration are generated by compactors,vibratory rollers and pile driving. In most cases,the generated vibration levels are too low in magnitude for the likelihood of structural damage to occur for buildings greater than 25 m from the construction activity. Given the proximity of residential buildings adjacent to the proposed Northern Expressway alignment, structural damage is not probable. I 15.3