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3.3 Air Quality and Climate Change
<br /> TABLE 3.3-2
<br /> STATE AND NATIONAL CRITERIA AIR POLLUTANT STANDARDS, EFFECTS,AND SOURCES
<br /> Averaging State National
<br /> Pollutant Time Standard Standard Pollutant Health and Atmospheric Effects Major Pollutant Sources
<br /> Ozone 1 hour 0.09 ppm -- High concentrations can directly affect lungs,causing Formed when reactive organic gases(ROG)and
<br /> 8 hours 0.070 ppm 0.075 ppm irritation.Long-term exposure may cause damage to nitrogen oxides(NOx)react in the presence of
<br /> lung tissue. sunlight.Major sources include on-road motor
<br /> vehicles,solvent.evaporation,and commercial 1
<br /> _ industrial mobile equipment.
<br /> Carbon Monoxide 1 hour 20 ppm 35 ppm Classified as a chemical asphyxiant,carbon Internal combustion engines,primarily gasoline-
<br /> 8 hours 9.0 ppm 9 ppm monoxide interferes with the transfer of fresh oxygen powered motor vehicles.
<br /> to the blood and deprives sensitive tissues of oxygen. _
<br /> Nitrogen Dioxide 1 hour 0.18 ppm 100 ppb Irritating to eyes and respiratory tract.Colors _ Motor vehicles,petroleum refining operations,
<br /> Annual Avg. 0.030 ppm 53 ppb atmosphere reddish-brown. industrial sources,aircraft,ships,and railroads.
<br /> — - .....— ......_,,—.....—_ —..._._.,— .....—,,..,,,,,-_......�,,,,,,,,— ........—, __..... — ..._.,.,�..— ...._.—,,,,,,,,,,,,, .....—_. __.....— _—._..—. ... ..._ —........... —........—.,,,,,,,
<br /> Sulfur Dioxide 1 hour 0.25 ppm 75 ppb Irritates upper respiratory tract;injurious to lung Fuel combustion,chemical plants,sulfur recovery
<br /> 3 hours 0.5 ppm tissue.Can yellow the leaves of plants,destructive plants,and metal processing.
<br /> 24 hours 0.04 ppm — to marble,iron,and steel.Limits visibility and reduces
<br /> sunlight. _
<br /> Respirable - 24 hours 50 pglm3 150 trg/m3 May irritate eyes and respiratory tract,decreases in lung Dust and fume-producing industrial and agricultural T
<br /> Particulate Matter 3 capacity,can cause cancer and increased mortality. operations,combustion,atmospheric photochemical
<br /> (PM10) Annual Avg. 20µglm — Produces haze and limits visibility. reactions,and natural activities(e.g.,wind-raised dust
<br /> andocea . ...—......._—........—.....,-_ ......_.,.,,,,__.._._..,,,,,,,,,,,.........r.
<br /> Fine Particulate 24 hours 35 Ag/m' increases respiratory disease,lung damage,cancer, Fuel combustion in motor vehicles,equipment,and
<br /> Matter(PM2.5) Annua!Avg. 12µglm3 15.0µglm3 and premature death. Reduces visibility and results industrial sources;residential and agricultural burning;
<br /> in surface soiling. Also,formed from photochemical reactions of other
<br /> pollutants,including NOx,sulfur oxides;and organics.
<br /> Lead Monthly Ave. 1.5µg/m3 -- Disturbs gastrointestinal system,and causes anemia. Present source:lead smelters,battery manufacturing
<br /> kidney disease,and neuromuscular and neurological &recycling facilities.Past source:combustion of
<br /> Quarterly — 1.5µg1m3 dysfunction. leaded gasoline.
<br /> Hydrogen Sulfide 1 hour "0.03 ppm No National Nuisance odor(rotten egg smell),headache and Geothermal power plants,petroleum production and
<br /> Standard breathing difficulties(higher concentrations) refining.
<br /> Sulfates 24 hour 25µglm3 No National Breathing difficulties,aggravates asthma,reduced Produced by the reaction in the air of SO2.
<br /> Standard visibility
<br /> Visibility 8 hour Extinction of No National Reduces visibility,reduced airport safety,lower real See PM2.5.
<br /> Reducing 0.231km; Standard estate value,discourages tourism.
<br /> Particles visibility of
<br /> 10 miles or
<br /> more
<br /> ppm=parts per million;uglm3=micrograms per cubic meter.
<br /> SOURCES:California Air Resources Board(ARB),2010b.Ambient Air Quality Standards,available at http:llwww.arb.ca.gov/research/aags/aags2.pdf Standards last updated September B,2010;and ARB,
<br /> 2009a.ARB Pact Sheet.,Air Pollution Sources,Effects and Control,http;tlwww,arb.ca.gov/researchlhealth/fs/fs2lfs2.htm,page last updated December 2009.
<br /> Munn&Perkins Quarry Excavation Permit 3.3-7 ESA 12110BB
<br /> Draft EIR April 2011
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