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Blinding—Clogging of the filtering medium of a filter. Bypass —An arrangement of pipes, conduits, gates, and valves whereby the flow may be passed around normally inline equipment or structure. Chemical oxygen demand(COD) —A measure of the oxygen-consuming capacity of inorganic and organic matter. Chlorination—The application of chlorine for the purposes of disinfection, oxidation, odor control, or other effects. Chlorination chamber—A basin or chamber where chlorine is stored or applied. Chlorine—A chemical ordinarily existing as a greenish-yellow gas, converted to a liquid and used as a disinfectant. The chemical symbol of chlorine is Cl. Chlorine residual—Chlorine remaining after a specific contact period. Chlorine test—Refers to one of many commonly used tests to determine the presence of chlorine. Most common are the orthotolodine and amperometric tests. Clarifier—A basin or chamber used to permit separation of settleable and floatable materials from the carrier water. Also referred to as a sedimentation basin. Coagulation — The collection of finely divided suspended matter by the addition of chemicals or by biological processes. Colloids — Finely divided solids that will not settle but may be removed by coagulation, biochemical action, or membrane filtration. Comminutor—A device for cutting sewage solids until they pass through a screen opening. Denitrification —Biological conversion of nitrates to gaseous nitrogen which is then vented to the atmosphere. Detention period —The time a given unit of liquid remains in, or takes to flow through, a tank, pipe, or processing unit. Detritus —The sand, grit, and other coarse material carried by wastewater. Diffuser—A porous plate, tube, or other device through which air is forced to divide it into minute bubbles. Digester—A tank containing sludge in which digestion occurs. Disinfection—The destruction of pathogenic bacteria by chemicals or exposure to ultraviolet radiation. Dissolved oxygen (DO) —Oxygen held in fine suspension or solution in a liquid. Diurnal—A cycle recurring everyday. Dual media filtration — A filter containing two media with different specific gravities, such as anthracite coal and sand. Effluent—Aliquid or product discharged after the treatment process is complete. Endogenous metabolism —A low level of metabolism in which various materials previously stored by the cells are digested.