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Entrainment—A condition or action that causes two substances which are not considered mixable, such as oil and <br /> water, to appear mixed. <br /> Facultative bacteria —Bacteria that can adapt to aerobic or anaerobic conditions. <br /> Filter—A device or structure used to separate constituents of the object passing through it. <br /> Filter medium—Any material placed in a filter to separate constituents. <br /> Filter, sand—A filter in which sand is used as a filtering medium. Usually two types, rapid and slow. <br /> Filtrate—Any substance which has passed completely through a filter. <br /> Floc—A gelatinous or semisolid mass formed by the chemical biological or physical collection of fine materials. <br /> Flume, Parshall—A calibrated device for measuring flow in an open conduit. <br /> Food-to-microorganism ratio (F:M ratio) — A waste system tank-loading parameter. Food may be expressed in <br /> pounds of suspended solids (SS), chemical oxygen demand (COD), or biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) added <br /> per day to the tank. Microorganisms may be expressed as mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS). <br /> Freeboard—The vertical distance between the normal maximum level of the surface of the media within a filter or <br /> tank and the top of the tank. <br /> Grit—Sand, gravel, cinders, or other fine debris. <br /> Grit collector—A device placed in a treatment chamber to collect and allow manual or automatic disposal of grit. <br /> Hydraulic loading—The amount of liquid passing a given point in a given period of time. <br /> Imhoff cone — A conically shaped one-liter graduated glass vessel used to measure the volume of settleable solids <br /> in various liquids. <br /> Infiltration —The seepage of ground and/or rainwater into a sewer line or tank through breaks or defective joints in <br /> pipes, porous walls, or soil. <br /> Influent— Waste material entering a treatment system. <br /> Liquor—A state of wastewater. Commonly used to designate a wastewater/sludge mixture. <br /> Liquor, mixed — A mixture of activated sludge and wastewater into which oxygen or air is added in the activated <br /> sludge process.Liquor, supernatant—The clear liquor overlying deposited solids. <br /> Matter, inorganic — Chemical substances of mineral origin. <br /> Matter, suspended—Solids in suspension in wastewater or effluent, also called suspended solids (SS). <br /> Microorganism — Minute organism, either plant or animal, invisible or barely visible to the naked eye. <br /> Mixed-liquor suspended solids (MLSS) —The concentration of suspended solids (SS) found in the aeration tank of <br /> an activated sludge process. <br /> Nitrification —The conversion of ammonia nitrogen into nitrates by bacteria. <br /> Nutrients —Substances necessary for the promotion of growth in plants and animals. <br />