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GROUNDWATER GENERAL REMEDIAL SCREENING RESPONSEACTION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OPTIONS EFFECTIVENESS IMPLEMENTABILMY COST COMMENTS Extraction and Effective method to improve aquifer flushing.Design Implementable.Could require complex well system. Moderate capital and None. Injection Wells must take into account local hydrogeologic conditions. maintenance cost. Effective for removal of VOCs from the aqu'Ifer. Implementable.Technology and equipment available Low capital costs.Low None. locally.Installation and maintenance straightforward. maintenance cost. Effective for mobilizing DNAPLs in layyeered sand and Potentially implementable. Moderate cost.May None. clay. increasing mobility of the DNAPL increases the not be cost effective in risk of enlarging the extent of the contaminant plume. areas of moderate to Collection Groundwater high permeability. Extraction Effective method of enhancing DNAPL extraction.The Implementable with regulatory agency acceptance. Moderate cost. None. volume of groundwater extracted to remediate the aquifer Developing an effective surfactant is a complicated is reduced. However,increasing the solubility and/or process and requires a significant amount of testing mobility of the DNAPL increases the risk of enlarging the and evaluation.Introduces surfactants and other extent of the plume. chemicals into the groundwater,creating the potential for water quality degradation. Effective for creating fractures that promote more uniform Potentially implementable. Method has long been Moderate cost. None. delivery of treatment fluids and accelerate extraction of used in petroleum and water-well industries,but is mobilized contaminants.Pockets of low permeability may an innovative method for remediation. persist Uncontrolled migration of DNAPL through fractures may occur. Air Sparging VOC removal enhanced by injection of air into the Implementable,but requires a vapor recovery system. Low to moderate None groundwater.Effectiveness is limited by low permeability capital and soil,ability to contact all contaminated media,and maintenance costs. saturated thickness greater than 30 feet. Stripping Effective for removal of VOCs from groundwater. Implementable.NoVOCs" system available.Vapor Low capital and None. phase treatment may be required.No groundwater maintenance costs. treatment required. Effective for removing VOCs and SVOCss. Soil type, Potentially implementable.It is a pilot-scale technology. High cost.May not be None. geology,and hydi ageology will significantly impact process cost effective for effectiveness. VOCs. Biosparging Aerobic biological processes do not effeGively degrade Implementable. Moderate capital and Screened out based on most chlorinated VOCs. maintenance costs. limited effectivenessfor chlorinated VOCs. Aerobic Processes Aerobic biological processes do not effectively degrade Implementable with regulatory acceptance of nutrient Low capital and Screened out torsed on most chlorinated VOCs. injection. moderate limited effectiveness for maintenance costs. chlorinated VOCs. In Situ Treatment Enhanced Biological Oxygen Releasing Aerobic biological processes do not effectively degrade Implementable. Low capital and Screened out based Treatment Compounds most chlorinated VOCs. moderate on limited maintenance costs. effectiveness for chlorinated VOCs. Effective for degrading chlorinated VOCs.Degradation Implementable with regulatory acceptance of primary Low capital and None. of chlorinated VOCs is inhibited by high primary substrate substrate and nutrient injection. moderate concentrations.In situ mixing of additives is difficult to maintenance costs. control or confirm. Effective for highly chlorinated VOCs only.Toxic by- Implementable with regulatory acceptance of electron Low capital and None. products(vinyl chloride)can be produced.In situ mixing donor and nutrient injection. moderate of additives is difficult to control and confirm. maintenance costs. Chemical Treatment Oxidation of chlorinated VOCs has been demonstrated Implementable with regulatory acceptance of oxidant No detailed cost None. LEGEND at field scale.In sittr mixing of additives is difficult to injection. information available. PbEentlally elFarbve,implementable,and oosFsll'ednre TeUndogy or Prorrss Option. control and confirm. FIGURE 3-5(Page 2) TschiwhgyandiorProcoss Option sceamdout onthe b sucffectvensss,implemenrabry,androrrmtr. EVALUATION OF GROUNDWATER Prooms option cm&teW innovative. REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES AND PROCESS OPTIONS eordfaw indicates ftPmmnhnva Techmlogy or Pn ass Optim. VOC CLE ASIBILITY STUDY MLAN AIR FORCE BASE,CALIFORFfIA naz eo Faaew�or CH2MHIlJL-