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GROUNDWATER GENERAL REMEDIAL SCREENING RESPONSEACTION TECHNOLOGY PROCESS OPTIONS EFFECTIVENESS IMPLEMENTABILITY COST COMMENTS Direct Discharge Effective and reliable discharge method.Does not remove May be implemented at sites with regulatory agency Very low capital, None. contamination, acceptance if releases are below de minimis operations,and quantities. maintenance oast. Vapor-Phase Granular Effective at removing chlorinated VOCs from off-gas Highly implementable.Industry standard,in Low to moderate None. Activated Carbon emissions. widespread use.Necessary to pretreat the gas stream capital and (VGAC) to remove water vapor(airlwater separator and maintenance cost.In heater). Contaminants are not destroyed,but are general,at McClellan concentrated on the carbon. It is therefore necessary AFB this technology to dispose of or regenerate the carbon. is cost effective for total VOC concentrations less than 100 to 200 ppm. Catalytic Oxidation Effective at removing chlorinated VOCs from off-gas Highly implementable.Industry standard,in Low to moderate None. emissions. widespread use. May be necessary to treat residual capital and hydrochloric acid with a separate scrubber. maintenance cost. Dioxinlfuran formation may occur.Requires careful monitoring to prevent overheating of the catalyst. The system tested at McClellan AFB achieved acceptable Implementable. Full scale units commercially Moderate to high The system tested removal efficiencies. available.Media can be regenerated in place through capital and was unsatisfactory a large number of cycles.For the system tested at maintenance cost. based on operational McClellan AFB,the condensate was a hazardous problems and high waste,and corrosion of components was observed. relative costs.Other media may still be applicable. dvanced Poly The polymer was not effective at removing VOCs during The used polymer was characterized as a hazardous High capital and Screened out based Ex Situ "sorption atest at McClellan AFB. waste far the McClellan AFB test. operations cost. on lack of Vapor-Phase PhysieaUChemieaU efffectiveness and h tisties costs. Treatment Biological Treatment g Moderately effecrve.Limited effectiveness for chlorinated Implementable. Commercial units available. May High capital cost. Screened out based alkanes;potential to form undesirable organic be necessary to perform treatability study. on limited transformation products.Ability to treat complex mixtures effectiveness and high of contaminants is unknown. relative costs. Tests of this process at McClellan AFB demonstrate Implementable. Moderate capital and None. greater destructive removal efficiencies and lower nitrogen maintenance cost. oxide emissions than comparable catalytic oxidation This process is more systems.However,the technology is not as effective on cost effective for high certain VOCs(1,1,1-TCA and methylene chloride). Concentration contaminant streams. Phollxatalytic Effective at removing VOCs from offgas emissions. The presence of long-chained fuel hydrocarbons No detailed cost data Screened out based eslrucfion resulted in fouling of the catalyst and low destruction available. This on operational removal efficiencies during testing at McClellan AFB. process is more cost problems. effective for high concentration contaminant streams. onthermal Plasma Tests of this process at McClellan AFB demonstrate Corrosion of receptors caused frequent shutdowns Moderate capital cost Screened out based Destruction greater deshuctive removal efficiencies than comparable during testing.Dehumidification of vapor stream is High operations and on operational catalytic oxidation systems. required. maintenance costs. problems and high relative costs. lncineraticru Thermal Moderately effective at removing chlorimled VOCs from Implementable.May be necessary to treat residual Moderate to high None Combustion off-gas emissions. Chlorinated compounds may be hydrochloric acid with a separate scrubber. Requires capital and incompletely combusted,resulting in the production of much higher temperatures than catalytic Toxidation. maintenance cost. chlorine gas or other products. Significant energy LEGEND Cost. L�Pownbally alfetbve,implementable,and eostollatbve Technology or Preeess Option. FIGURE 3-5(Page 4) ®TedhnobgyandlorProcassOpUahsumnedwtondwbasis ofaRetGfer+ess,implementabdity,andlormsls. EVALUATION.OF GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES Pxxess option Donadered innwatrve, AND PROCESS OPTIONS Bddfsco Indleaba Rapmmuntbw Techrwlagy or Prorass Option, VCLELLAN AIR FORCE BASE,CALIFORNIA mFe De CH2MHILL