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Bioprocess Monitoring ov Regardless of whether a bioremediation project is actively performed or allowed to proceed through nonaction (i.e., passive), it is important that periodic bioprocess monitoring be per- formed to ensure that appropriate physical, chemical, and biological conditions are established and/or maintained during the course of a bioremediation project. The results of bioprocess analyses, in correlation with the results of analytical (contaminant) testing, can provide informa- tion that may be utilized to modify treatment protocol (active approach), if indicated, in order to maximize bioremedial efficiency and/or induce desired operational effects. As previously indi- cated, BioLogic performs routine physicochemical and microbiological testing as part of bio- process monitoring activities. Physicochemical analyses include pH, nitrogen (nitrate, nitrite, ammoni a), phosphates, and potassium. Microbial analyses include both general (heterotrophic) and selective (contaminant-degrader) enumerations. Subsequent to each bioprocess monitoring event, we provide our clients with timely data interpretations and recommendations based on these analyses, providing guidance toward achieving project remediation success. For additional L information on bioprocess monitoring, please refer to The Significance and Benefits of Micro- biological and Physicochemical Tracking in the Bioremedial Process documentation. v- Biotreatment Recommendations ow Effective implementation of bioremediation demands a thorough understanding of the myriad of parameters at work in the bioremedial process. Prior to initiating any bioremedial approach, it is important to evaluate the environmental (microbiological/physicochemical) and physical (geo- technical) parameters which can influence overall project efficacy. Based upon the cumulative results of site characterization, microbiologicaUphysicochemical/analytical parameter evaluations and/or biotreatability investigations, BioLogic can provide recommendations beginning with the selection of the most appropriate bioremedial approach (if any). Once the feasibility of a method is validated and a course of action has been determined, BioLogic can provide biotreatment guidance, project tracking and problem resolution, providing the client with all the information required to make technically sound treatment decisions. Listed below is a brief description of the more common biotreatment approaches utilized in the industry today. For additional information on standard biological approaches, please refer to our publication Initial Site Characterization Parameters and Biotechnical Analyses in Determination of Compatibility and Feasibility for An In Situ or Ex Situ Bioremedial Approach. Bioremedial Treatment Approaches Passive/Intrinsic - nonaction; monitor with little or no physical interaction; primarily reliant on reduced conditions and anaerobic processes; Natural Attenuation/RBCA - includes consideration of parameters such as dilution, sorption, and migratory activity (fate and transport) of potential receptors; Active - stimulate/enhance activity of indigenous microbial populations via supplementa- tion with nutrients, oxygen, moisture, etc.; includes mechanical technologies (i.e., air sparging bioventing) - reliant on microbial activity and nutrient availability/utilization; bioaugmentation - introduction of exogenous commercial microbes and/or reintroduction of cultivated indigenous organisms. 9