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<br /> • The side-effects of bioaugmentation are anticipated to include an increase in TDS and
<br /> enhanced arsenic mobility, which would degrade the quality of water in the vicinity of
<br /> the WWTP, and wellhead treatment of TDS and arsenic is more costly than removal of
<br /> VOCs.
<br /> The cost analysis concluded that:
<br /> • The total cost for the bioaugmentation bio-curtain is estimated to be approximately
<br /> $47.3 million.
<br /> • Although this is lower than the biosparge system, bioaugmentation is not cost effective
<br /> compared to other measures such as water replacement, institutional controls and
<br /> intrinsic remediation.
<br /> 5.0 REFERENCES
<br /> Alvarez, P. J. and W. A. Illman, 2006, Bioremediation and Natural Attenuation — Process
<br /> Fundamentals and Mathematical Models, Wiley-Interscience, 609 pages.
<br /> Bennett, P, D. Gandhi, S. Warner and J. Bussey, 2007, In situ reductive dechlorination of
<br /> chlorinated ethenes in high nitrate groundwater, Journal of Hazardous Materials, 149,
<br /> 568-573.
<br /> Bradford, S.A., Bettahar, M., Simunek, J., van Genuchten, M. Th., 2004. Straining and
<br /> attachment of colloids in physically heterogeneous porous media. Vadose Zone J., 3:2,
<br /> 384-394.
<br /> Bradford, S.A., Yates, S.R., Bettahar, M., Simunek, J., 2002. Physical factors affecting the
<br /> transport and fate of colloids in saturated porous media. Water Resourc. Res., 38:2,
<br /> 1327-1338.
<br /> Choi, N-C., Kim, D.-J., And Kim S.-B., 2007. Quanitifcation of bacterial mass recovery as a
<br /> function of pore-water velocity and ionic strength. Research in Microbiology, 158, 70-
<br /> 78.
<br /> Dybas, M.J., Barcelona, M., Bezborodnikov, S., Davies, S., Forney, L., Heuer, H., Kawka, O.,
<br /> Mayotte, T., Sepulveda-Torres, L., Smalla, K., Sneathen, M., Tiedje, J., Voice, T.,
<br /> Wiggert, D.C., Witt, M.E., and Criddle, C.S., 1998. Pilot-scale evaluation of
<br /> bioaugmentation for in-situ remediation of a carbon tetrachloride-contaminated aquifer,
<br /> Environ. Sci Technol., 32, 3598-3611.
<br /> Ellis, D.E., Lutz, E.J., Odom, J.M., Buchanan, R.J., Bartlett, C.L., Lee, M.D., Harkness, M.R.,
<br /> and Deweerd, K.A., 2000. Bioaugmentation for Accelerated In Situ Anaerobic
<br /> Bioremediation. Environ. Sci. Technol., 34, 2254-2260.
<br /> Freeze, R.A., and Cherry, J.A., 1979. Groundwater. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ, 604 p.
<br /> Harvey, R.W., George, L.H., Smith, R.L. and LeBlanc, D.R., 1989. Transport of microspheres
<br /> and indigenous bacteria through a sandy aquifer: Results of natural- and forced-
<br /> gradient tracer experiments. Environ. Sci. Technol., 23:1, 51-56.
<br /> Hyndman, D. W., Dybas, M., & Others. (n.d.). Hydraulic Characterization and Design of a Full-
<br /> Scale Biocurtain. Ground Water Monitoring & Remediation, 38(3), 462-474.
<br /> AMEC Geomatrix, Inc.
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