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1 • Superficial frostbite skin has a waxy or white appearance and is firm to the touch, but tissue beneath is resilient, or • Deep frostbite tissues are cold, pale, and solid, extremely serious injury To treat frostbite, get the victim into a warm place, put the frozen parts in warm (100 to los degrees) but not hot water Handle them gently, and do not rub or massage them If the toes or ' fingers are affected, put dry, sterile gauze between them after warming them Loosely bandage the injured parts If the part has been thawed and refrozen, rewarm it at room temperature Hypothermia is caused by exposure of the body to freezing or rapidly dropping temperature ' Hypothermia results when the body loses heat faster than it can produce it When this situation occurs, the blood vessels in the skin constrict in an attempt to conserve vital internal heat Hands and ' feet are first affected If the body continues to lose heat, involuntary shivers began This is the body's way of attempting to produce more heat, and it is usually the first real warning sign of ' hypothermia Further heat loss produces speech difficultly, forgetfulness, loss of manual dexterity, collapse, and finally, death Its symptoms are usually exhibited in five stages (1) shivering {2 a listlessness } apathy,y, sleepiness, and (sometimes) rapid cooling of the body to less than 95 F, (3) unconsciousness, glossy stare, slow pulse, and slow respiratory rate, (4) freezing of the extremities, and finally, (5) death ' To treat hypothermia call for medical help Get the victim out of the cold and into dry clothing Warm up his or her body slowly Give nothing to eat or drink unless the victim is fully conscious These guidelines should be pasted in a conspicuous place by the OHSC The on-site health and safety coordination OHSC will remind all on-site project personnel each day of the symptoms of ' cold stress and the location of these guidelines L - 2