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Mill <br /> Centrifugation—uses centrifugal force created by a rotating bowl instead of gravity to bring about <br /> separation. <br /> CERCLA Hazardous Substance—any substance, pollutant, or contaminant as defined in CERCLA <br /> sections 101(14) and 101(33), except where otherwise noted in the Hazard Ranking System (see 40 CFR <br /> 302.4). <br /> CERCLA Hazardous Wastestream—any material containing CERCLA hazardous substances that was <br /> deposited, stored, disposed, or placed in or migrated to a site being evaluated by the HRS; any material <br /> listed in the NPL <br /> CERCLA Waste—a term with no regulatory meaning that is often used as a shortened form of CERCLA <br /> hazardous wastestream. <br /> Characteristic Waste—see RCRA characteristic waste <br /> Chemical Leaching —an option for metal contaminants bound so tightly to the solid matrix that soil <br /> washing is not effective. The methods and equipment used in chemical leaching are similar to those <br /> used for soil washing. The major requirement is to obtain good contact between the contaminated <br /> ( matrix and the extraction solution. <br /> Chemical Reduction— a process in which the oxidation state of an atom is decreased. <br /> Chemical Oxidation—alters the oxidation state of an atom through loss of electrons. <br /> Chemical Neutralization— involves equalizing the concentrations of hydrogen and hydroxide ions in a <br /> solution. <br /> Chemical Treatment Options—various treatment agents that may be added to the contaminated matrix <br /> to adjust conditions to favor less toxic or less mobile forms of metal contaminants. <br /> Classification —a technique of separating particles into two or more fractions based on the velocity with <br /> which the particles fall through air (air classfcation) or a water medium (hydroclassification). <br /> Clay—fine-grained soil or the fine-grained portion of soil that can be made to exhibit plasticity(putty-like <br /> properties) within a range of water contents and that exhibits considerable strength when air-dried. <br /> Colloid—the phase of a colloidal system made up of particles having dimensions of 1 to 1000 <br /> nanometers and which is dispersed in a different phase. <br /> Colloidal System—an intimate mixture of two substances, one of which, the dispersed phase (or <br /> colloid), is uniformly distributed in a finely divided state through the second substance, the dispersion <br /> medium. <br /> Combustion—rapid reaction of a gas, liquid, or solid fuel with an oxidizer, which releases heat and <br /> usually light. <br /> Compressive Strength (unconfined or unlaxial compressive strength) —the load per unit area at which <br /> an unconfined cylindrical specimen of soil or rock will fail in a simple compression test. Commonly the <br /> failure load is the maximum that the specimen can withstand in the test. <br /> K-3 <br />