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Permissible Exposure Limits (PEL), Threshold Limit Values (TLV), <br />Short Term Exposure Limits (STEL) and Immediately Dangerous to Life and <br />Health (IDLH) <br />CHEMICAL <br />PEL <br />TLV=TWA .: <br />STEL <br />-- <br />IDLH <br />Benzene <br />1 ppm <br />.5 ppm <br />.. <br />2.5 ppm <br />500 ppm <br />Toluene <br />200 ppm <br />50 ppm <br />- <br />500 ppm <br />Ethylbenzene <br />100 ppm <br />100 ppm <br />125 ppm <br />800 ppm <br />Xylenes <br />100 ppm <br />100 ppm 771 <br />50 ppm <br />900 ppm <br />-.... ...... v —La"LL3 1O, <br />PEL is an OSHA regulatory level. - <br />TLV is an ACGIH recommended guideline <br />STEL is a chemical specific exposure time for usually 15 or 30 minutes during an 8 -hour workday <br />4.3.2.2 IDLH Concentration <br />Immediately Dangerous to Life or Health concentrations (IDLH) represent the maximum <br />concentration from which, in the event of respirator failure, one could not escape without a <br />respirator and without experiencing permanent damage or death. The reference used for this <br />information is National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health's Pocket Guide to Chemical <br />Hazards. <br />4.3.3 Modes of Exposure <br />The primary constituents of concern are benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene. <br />Inhalation (breathing) or ingestion (swallowing) of dust may experience health risks, through <br />direct and indirect contact with contaminated soils. <br />4.4 OTHER NON-PHYSICAL HAZARDS <br />Other non-physical hazards include the following: <br />Equipment Lockout <br />11 <br />