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11 Lockout of energy sources will cause injury to personnel due to unexpected energizing, start-up, or release of stored energy during the operations, repair, or maintenance of equipment or a process. Only authorized employees shall perform the lockout procedure. All authorized employees shall receive training in recognition of the applicable hazardous energy sources and in adequate methods and means for their isolation. Employees authorized to perform lockout shall be certain as to which switch, valve, or other energy -isolating devices apply to the equipment being lock out. More than one energy source (electrical, mechanical, etc.) may be involved. Any, questionable identification of sources shall be cleared by project management. Dangerous Plants The most common adverse reactions to plants from occupational exposures are skin injuries. These can result from simple mechanical or chemical trauma, photochemical response to psoralens, or sensitization to plant allergens. In California there are many domesticated and exotic plants with thorns, spines, and needles capable of causing injury. However, the native plants are more likely to be of concern for the fieldwork at the project site. The best prevention is avoiding contact with the plants. However, if the skin does contact the plant, the dermatitis may be avoided by prompt removal of the allergen. About 10 minutes are required for the cutaneous penetration of allergen. Washing with running water is recommended, but avoid the use of soap. Soap removes protective skin oils and may cause or hasten penetration of the allergen. Avoid nonpolar solvents, such as alcohol, which may spread the allergen over a wider area. Early application of topical steroids minimizes the severity of the dermatitis. If the face or genitalia are involved, seek professional medical help immediately, within 6 hours of the exposure. 12