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KLEINFELDER
<br /> File No. 20-3978-01.W10
<br /> July 26, 1997
<br /> 4.1 Groundwater Sampling(20-3978-01.WR1)
<br /> Based on the results of the groundwater sampling and analysis, Kleinfelder had the following
<br /> recommendations detailed in our report "Groundwater Sampling and Analysis, (Phase I ESA
<br /> Recommendation Number 3), Former Spreckels Sugar Plant, 18800 South Spreckels Road,
<br /> Manteca, California"dated February 24, 1997:
<br /> 1. During the November 19, 1996 monitoring event of the five Spreckels monitoring wells
<br /> (MW-1 through MW-5) groundwater was found to exist beneath the site at a depth of
<br /> approximately 10 to 15 feet. A groundwater gradient and direction was calculated based on
<br /> depth-to-water data collected from these five and by data collected during a survey by RLC
<br /> Associates on in December 1996. The groundwater flow direction is estimated to be
<br /> towards the northwest at a relatively flat gradient of approximately 0.002 ft/ft. In areas of
<br /> flat groundwater gradients such as this site, groundwater flow directions may significantly
<br /> fluctuate due to rainfall, groundwater recharge, groundwater pumping, etc.. Therefore,
<br /> changes in groundwater flow directions may vary at this site with time.
<br /> 2. The only detectable organic constituent present in the EPA Methods 619, 624, 625
<br /> and 632M analyses) was Limonene which was present at a concentration of 52 gg/L.
<br /> in the "Irrigation Well" sample (actually Irrigation Water From the Fresh Water
<br /> Basin) and 32 µg/L in Production Well PW-8. Limonene (C,OH16) is also known as
<br /> 1,8(9)-p-Menthadiene and 4-Isopropenyl-l-methylcyclohexene. According to the
<br /> "Handbook of Environmental Fate and Exposure Data for Organic Chemicals" by
<br /> Phillip H. Howard (CRC/Lewis Publishers ©1997), Limonene is both a naturally
<br /> occurring and synthetic terpene that is used in flavors and fragrances, as a solvent
<br /> and for numerous other commercial uses. It is also used in cleaners, air fresheners
<br /> and waxes/polishes. Limonene is a naturally occurring compound and is found in
<br /> many natural oils including orange, lemon, grapefruit, berry, leaf, caraway, dill,
<br /> bergamot, peppermint, and spearmint oils. Limonene is also emitted to the
<br /> environment and are associated with balsam poplar, wax myrtle, kiwi fruit flowers,
<br /> sweet acacia, oranges, tomatoes, grasses, California western sagebrush, European
<br /> larch, European fir, Scots pine, Siberian pine, silver fir, common juniper, pencil
<br /> cedar, evergreen cypress, northern white cedar and deciduous moss. Limonene is
<br /> present in many fruits and vegetables, chicken and wines. Limonene is highly
<br /> mobile in water, is very volatile, and may significantly adsorb to sediment and
<br /> suspended matter. There is no maximum contaminant level (MCL) listed for
<br /> Limonene in 22CCR. It is unknown if the concentrations present are representative of
<br /> what is actually in groundwater, a cross contamination from the air during sampling,
<br /> or a cross contaminant from the laboratory due to citrus based cleaners etc.. In any
<br /> 20-3978-01.W10 12017L155 Page 16 of 50 Copyright 1997,Kleinfelder,Inc.
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