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III. ENVIRONMENTAL SETTING,BeACTS AND MITIGATION MEASURES B. AIR QUALITY the project applicant, are required to perform annual smoke tests on their heavy-duty vehicles. The purpose of both programs is to reduce excessive smoke from heavy-duty vehicles that travel on California streets and highways. Mobile sources associated with the project site include on-road motor vehicles, including automobiles, light-duty trucks, heavy duty trucks,garbage collection trucks,and transfer trucks and off-road mobile equipment, including three bucket loaders,an excavator,a flat screen,a forklift,and a roll-off truck. Toxic Air Contaminants Toxic air contaminants are less pervasive in the urban atmosphere than the criteria air pollutants, but they are linked to short-term (acute) or long-term(chronic or carcinogenic)adverse human health effects but do not have a corresponding ambient air quality standard. There are hundreds of different types of toxic air contaminants,with varying degrees of toxicity. Sources of toxic air contaminants include industrial processes, commercial operations(e.g.,gasoline stations and dry cleaners),and motor vehicle exhaust. In 1983,the State of California established a process for identifying toxic air contaminants. The current list of toxic air contaminants includes approximately 200 compounds, including particulate emissions from diesel-fueled engines, which was added in 1998. Stationary Source Controls The regulatory approach differs between stationary sources and mobile sources of toxic air contaminants. The SJVUAPCD limits emissions of and public exposure to toxic air contaminants through a number of programs. The potential for new and modified stationary sources to emit toxic air contaminants is reviewed by the SJVUAPCD's Permit Services Division,which implements the SJVUAPCD's Risk Management Policy. Toxic air contaminant emissions from stationary sources are limited by: • SJVUAPCD adoption and enforcement of rules aimed at specific types of sources known to emit high levels of toxic air contaminants; • Implementation of the Air Toxics "Hot Spots"Program;and • Implementation of the Federal Title III Toxics program. Mobile Source Controls The approach to regulation of toxic air contaminants from mobile sources has been through establishment(by U.S.EPA and ARB)of emissions standards for motor vehicles (imposed on vehicle manufacturers)and through specifications for gasoline and diesel fuel sold in California (imposed on fuel refineries and retailers),rather than through air quality permits or regulations on how motor vehicles are used by the general public. As described above for criteria air pollutants (mobile source controls),the state ARB has already adopted control measures that reduce particulate emissions from diesel-fueled engines, such as PM-10 emissions standards and diesel Stockton Scavenger Transfer Station E.rpnn cion III.B.8 ESA/990190