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TABLE 3-1 SAN JOAQUIN VALLEY AIR BASIN ATTAINMENT STATUS Designation/Classification Pollutant Federal Primary Standards State Standards Ozone-One hour No Federal Standard Nonattainment/Severe Ozone-Eight hour Nonattainment/Extreme Nonattainment PM10 Attainment Nonattainment PM2.5 Nonattainment Nonattainment Carbon Monoxide Attainment/Unclassified Attainment/Unclassified Nitrogen Dioxide Attainment/Unclassified Attainment Sulfur Dioxide Attainment/Unclassified Attainment Lead(Particulate) No Designation/Classification Attainment Hydrogen Sulfide No Federal Standard Unclassified Sulfates No Federal Standard Attainment Visibility Reducing Particles No Federal Standard Unclassified Vinyl Chloride No Federal Standard Attainment Source:SJVAPCD 2020. Particulate matter is a mixture of solid and liquid particles suspended in air, including dust, pollen, soot, smoke, and liquid droplets. In San Joaquin County, particulate matter is generated by a mix of rural and urban sources, including agricultural operations, industrial emissions, dust suspended by vehicle traffic, and secondary aerosols formed by reactions in the atmosphere. Two types of particulate matter are of concern: particulate matter 10 micrometers or less in diameter (PMIo), and particulate matter 2.5 micrometers or less in diameter (PM2.5). The SJVAPCD currently has a 2015 PM2.5 Plan for the 1997 federal PM2.5 standard, a 2012 PM2.5 Plan for the 2006 federal PM2.5 standard, a 2016 Moderate Area Plan for the 2012 federal PM2.5 standard, and a 2007 PMIo Maintenance Plan to maintain the Air Basin's attainment status of the federal PMIo standard. CO is an odorless, colorless gas that is toxic in high concentrations. It is formed by the incomplete combustion of fuels and is emitted directly into the air, unlike ozone. The main source of CO in the San Joaquin Valley is on-road motor vehicles (SJVAPCD 2015). The San Joaquin Valley Air Basin is in attainment/unclassified status for carbon monoxide (CO); as such, the SJVAPCD has no CO attainment plans. However, high CO concentrations may occur in areas of limited geographic size referred to as "hotspots," which are ordinarily associated with heavy traffic volumes and congestion. In addition to the criteria pollutants, the California Air Resources Board has identified other air pollutants as toxic air contaminants (TACs) - pollutants that are carcinogenic (i.e., cause cancer) or that may cause other adverse short-term or long-term health effects. Diesel particulate matter, considered a carcinogen, is the most common TAC, as it is a Pock Lane Public Review Draft IS/MND 3-8 May 2022