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Administrative Draft Environmental Impact Report Gill Medical Center Project operations, as well as from accidental releases of hazardous materials during upset conditions.The health effects of TACs include cancer, birth defects, neurological damage, and death. Diesel Exhaust Most recently, CARB identified DPM as a TAC. DPM differs from other TACs in that it is not a single substance but rather a complex mixture of hundreds of substances. Diesel exhaust is a complex mixture of particles and gases produced when an engine burns diesel fuel. DPM is a concern because it causes lung cancer; many compounds found in diesel exhaust are carcinogenic. DPM includes the particle-phase constituents in diesel exhaust.The chemical composition and particle sizes of DPM vary between different engine types (heavy-duty, light-duty), engine operating conditions (idle, accelerate, decelerate), fuel formulations (high/low sulfur fuel), and the year of the engine. Some short-term (acute) effects of diesel exhaust include eye, nose, throat, and lung irritation, and diesel exhaust can cause coughs, headaches, light-headedness, and nausea. DPM poses the greatest health risk among the TACs; due to their extremely small size, these particles can be inhaled and eventually trapped in the bronchial and alveolar regions of the lung. 4.5.1.4 Ambient Air Quality Ambient air quality at the Project site can be inferred from ambient air quality measurements conducted at nearby air quality monitoring stations. CARB maintains more than 60 monitoring stations throughout California. 03, PM10 and PM2.s are the pollutant species most potently affecting the Project region.As described in detail below, the region is designated as a nonattainment area for the federal 03 and PM2.5 standards and is also a nonattainment area for the state standards for 03, PM2.5, and PM10 (CARB 2018a). The Stockton-Hazelton monitoring station, located at 1593 E. Hazelton Street, Stockton, CA 95205, located approximately 7.6 miles south of the Project site monitors ambient concentrations of 03, PM2.5, and PM10. Ambient emission concentrations will vary due to localized variations in emission sources and climate and should be considered "generally" representative of ambient concentrations in the Project area. Table 4.5-2 summarizes the published data concerning 03, PM2.5 and PM10 since 2016 for each year that the monitoring data is provided. Table 4.5-2.Summary of Ambient Air Quality Data Pollutant Standards 2016 2017 2018 03 Max 1-hour concentration(ppm) 0.102 0.085 0.088 Max 8-hour concentration(ppm)(state/federal) 0.079/0.078 0.080/0.079 0.078/0.077 Number of days above 1-hour standard(state/federal) 2/0 0/0 0/0 Number of days above 8-hour standard(state/federal) 2/2 2/2 2/1 Air Quality 4.5-5 October 2021