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LLNL Emergency Management Plan (EPlan) Rev 27 January 2022 109 14 EXERCISES 14.1 Exercises Exercises are conducted to evaluate/validate emergency response training and to assess LLNL’s ability to respond to an emergency. The exercise after-action review and evaluation process provides feedback for improving plans, facilities, equipment, training and emergency response performance. Participation is required for personnel who would be expected to participate in an actual emergency response. Emergency exercises require substantial effort to plan and coordinate effectively. The use of a realistic scenario and adequate controls enhances the validity of the exercise to evaluate operational procedures. ERO exercises are administered in accordance with PPD plans for exercises, which provides direction for planning, developing, conducting, and evaluating exercises in which the PPD is the institutional lead. As required by DOE Order 151.1D, LLNL conducts annually at least one institutional-level exercise to test and validate the ERO as an emergency response system. This may involve a response scenario at Site 200, Site 300, or both. Additionally, every five years this scenario must be based on a severe incident as postulated by the LLNL All-Hazards Survey and involve release of hazardous materials at more than one EPHA facility and disruption to site infrastructure, such as power, telecommunications, or roadways, or the significant delay of offsite mutual aid. An exercise is a comprehensive performance test of the integrated capabilities of the ERO. Exercises test the adequacy and effectiveness of: • Organizational command and control • Implementation plans and procedures • Notifications and communications networks • Emergency facilities and equipment • Training • ERO performance • Overall emergency response program performance Exercise-specific objectives define the exercise scope, specify the emergency response functions to be demonstrated, identify the extent of organizational/personnel participation, and identify the spectrum of exercise activities to be accomplished or simulated. Not all emergency response elements are demonstrated in every exercise, and a systematic approach is used to demonstrate all ERO capabilities over a period of five years. The LLNL exercise program validates the various emergency response elements over a multi- year period. The program provides periodic drills and exercises to evaluate emergency response capabilities and ensure that members of the ERO are prepared to respond appropriately to an actual emergency. The program also ensures that the local offsite organizations are offered participation in an exercise at least every three years.