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4 Environmental Analysis 4.3 Air Quality is characterized by stop-and-go waves, poor travel times, low comfort and convenience, and increased accident exposure. The Project is located in a sparsely populated area and is unlikely to result in challenges to traffic flow. Ambient Air Quality Analysis The SJVAPCD recommends that an Ambient Air Quality Analysis (AAAA) be performed when onsite emissions of any criteria pollutant would equal or exceed 100 pounds per day (lbs/day). If emissions of one criteria pollutant exceeds the threshold, then all criteria pollutants are to be modeled. In the AAAA, air pollutant concentrations are determined by conducting air dispersion modeling, adding the resulting concentrations to ambient background levels, and comparing to the applicable ambient air quality standard. A project would be considered a significant impact if its emissions are predicted to cause or contribute to a violation of an ambient air quality standard by exceeding any CAAQS or NAAQS. If an exceedance of the CAAQS or NAAQS is predicted, modeled concentrations may be compared to significant impact levels to assess whether a project's emissions would contribute significantly to an existing violation of the CAAQS or NAAQS. Toxic Air Contaminants The SJVAPCD has established thresholds of significance for combined TAC emissions from the operations of both permitted and non-permitted sources (SJVAPCD 2015a). Projects that have the potential to expose the public to TACs in excess of the following thresholds would be considered to have a significant air quality impact: oo Probability of contracting cancer for the maximally exposed individual equals or exceeds 20 in 1 million people. oo Hazard Index for acute and chronic noncarcinogenic TACs equals or exceeds 1 for the maximally exposed individual. Odors As described in the Guidance for Assessing and Mitigating Air Quality Impacts, due to the subjective nature of odor impacts, there are no quantitative thresholds to determine if potential odors would have a significant impact (SJVAPCD 2015a). Projects must be assessed for odor impacts on a case-by-case basis for the following two situations: oo Generators: Projects that would potentially generate odorous emissions proposed to locate near existing sensitive receptors or other land uses where people may congregate. oo Receivers: Residential or other sensitive receptor projects or other projects built for the intent of attracting people locating near existing odor sources. Griffith Energy Storage Project 4.3-23 Tetra Tech/SCH 2022120675 Draft Environmental Impact Report August 2023