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Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report Griffith Energy Storage Project The CCAA requires each air pollution control district of an air basin designated as nonattainment of state ambient air quality standards to prepare and submit a plan for attaining and maintaining state standards. After further review of the relationship between fine particulate matter and human health effects, the CARB adopted new state standards on June 20, 2002, for PM2.5 that are more stringent that the federal standards. No specific control programs are in place to achieve this much more stringent standard. However, it does represent an air quality goal to dramatically reduce the adverse health effects from small-particle air pollution. 2.2.2.2 Toxic Air Contaminants The state Air Toxics Program was established in 1983 under AB 1807 (Tanner). The California Toxic Air Contaminants (TAC) list identifies more than 700 pollutants, of which carcinogenic and noncarcinogenic toxicity criteria have been established for a subset of these pollutants pursuant to the California Health and Safety Code. In accordance with AB 2728, the state list includes the (federal) HAPs. The Air Toxics "Hot Spots" Information and Assessment Act of 1987 (AB 2588)seeks to identify and evaluate risk from air toxics sources. TAC emissions from individual facilities are quantified and prioritized. "High-priority" facilities are required to perform a health risk assessment, and if specific thresholds are exceeded, facilities are required to communicate the results to the public in the form of notices and public meetings. The mixture of solid particles from equipment with diesel engines are collectively known as diesel particulate matter(DPM). These include many known or suspected cancer-causing substances, such as benzene, arsenic, and formaldehyde. Long-term exposure to diesel exhaust particles poses the highest cancer risk of any toxic air contaminant evaluated by the Office of Environmental Health Hazard Assessment . ARB estimates that about 70 percent of the cancer risk that the average Californian faces from breathing toxic air pollutants stems from diesel exhaust particles. It also contains other harmful pollutants, including NOX. Diesel exhaust particles and gases are suspended in the air, so exposure to this pollutant occurs whenever a person breathes air that contains these substances. Exposure to this pollutant is highest near roads and freeways, truck loading and unloading operations, diesel-powered machinery operations. Exposure to diesel exhaust can have immediate health effects such as irritation to the eyes, nose, throat, and lungs. It can also cause coughs, headaches, light-headedness, and nausea (OEHHA 2023). In 2000, CARB approved a comprehensive Diesel Risk Reduction Plan to reduce diesel emissions from both new and existing diesel-fueled vehicles and engines. The regulation is anticipated to result in an 80 percent decrease in statewide diesel health risk in 2020 compared with the diesel risk in 2000. In 2020, CARB adopted the Advanced Clean Truck Regulations that requires truck manufacturers to transition from diesel trucks and vans to electric zero-emission trucks beginning in 2024. By 2045, every new truck sold in California will be zero-emission. Additional regulations apply to new trucks and diesel fuel, including the On-Road Heavy Duty Diesel Vehicle (In-Use) Regulation, On-Road Heavy Duty (New)Vehicle Program, In-Use Off-Road Diesel Vehicle Regulation, and New Off-Road Compression-Ignition (Diesel) Engines and Equipment program. These regulations and programs have timetables by which manufacturers must comply and existing operators must upgrade their diesel-powered equipment. Several Airborne Toxic Control Measures reduce diesel emissions, including In-Use Off-Road Diesel-Fueled Fleets (13 California Code of Regulations [CCR] 2449 et seq.) and In-Use On-Road Diesel-Fueled Vehicles (13 CCR 2025). California Health and Safety Code Section 41700 Section 41700 of the Health and Safety Code states that a person shall not discharge from any source whatsoever quantities of air contaminants or other material that cause injury, detriment, nuisance, or annoyance to any considerable number of persons or to the public; or that endanger the comfort, repose, OTETRA TECH 10 July 2023