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<br /> <br /> <br />Forward Landfill WMU FU-23 9 GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER (GCL) <br />02777 <br />3.6 SEAMS AND OVERLAPS <br /> A. On slopes steeper than 10 horizontal to 1 vertical, all geosynthetic clay liners shall be continuous down the slope; that is, no horizontal seams shall be allowed on the slope. <br /> B. No horizontal seams shall be allowed on the base and the crest of the landfill within 5 ft (1.5 m) of the toe or the crest of the slope. <br /> C. All geosynthetic clay liners shall have overlapped seams that are heat welded. Along the length (i.e., the sides) of the mat, the overlap shall be 12 in minimum. Along the width (i.e., the ends) of the mat, the overlap shall be 12 in minimum. <br /> D. The overlaps shall not be nailed or stapled to the subgrade. <br /> E. Granular bentonite shall be placed on the overlaps. <br />3.7 MATERIALS IN CONTACT WITH THE GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER <br /> A. Installation on rough surfaces shall be carefully performed to minimize damage to the geosynthetic clay liner. <br /> B. Equipment used for placing soils shall not be driven directly on the geosynthetics overlying the geosynthetic clay liner. A minimum thickness of 1 ft of material is required between a low ground pressure dozer (such as a wide pad Caterpillar D-4 bulldozer or equivalent) and the geosynthetic clay liner. A minimum thickness of 3 ft of material is required between rubber-tired vehicles and the geosynthetic clay liner. In areas of heavy vehicle traffic, such as access ramps, the material thickness should be at least 3 ft. The following table shall be complied with during construction: <br />Maximum Equipment Ground Pressure (psi) <br /> Initial Lift Thickness (ft) <br />5 1.0 <br />10 1.5 <br />20 2.0 <br />>20 >3.0 <br /> <br />C. Installation of the geosynthetic clay liner areas with appurtenances areas, and connection of the geosynthetic clay liner to appurtenances shall be made according to the Construction Drawings. The GEOSYNTHETICS CONTRACTOR shall ensure that the geosynthetic clay liner is not damaged while working around the appurtenances. <br />3.8 REPAIR