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<br />• A YSI 3560 Water Quality Meter® (or equivalent) was used to measure pH, specific <br />conductance (EC), temperature, and turbidity. After approximately every casing volume of <br />purging, field parameters were recorded on a Well Data Sheet. Sampling was performed <br />when the total estimated purge volume was reached. <br />• The pumping rate is reduced during evacuation of the last casing volume so that sampled water <br />is not subject to unnecessary agitation. If a bailer is used, the bailer is slowly lowered to <br />minimize agitation of the water column. <br />Groundwater Sampling Using Low-Flow (Micro Purge) Methods <br />For groundwater monitoring wells at the Austin Unit equipped with dedicated bladder pumps, groundwater <br />sampling was performed using low-flow (micro purge) methods described below. <br />• In order to minimize a decline in water level, the bladder pump was operated at a discharge rate of 1 <br />liter per minute or less. <br />• A weighted water-level meter was used to measure water levels in the well during purging. Water levels <br />were recorded on a Well Data Sheet along with water quality parameters. <br />• To assess the presence of fresh water coming into the well, discharged water was routed <br />through a flow cell attached to a YSI 3560 Water Quality Meter® (or equivalent) equipped <br />with probes for measuring pH, specific conductance, temperature, and turbidity. When three <br />consecutive readings of these field parameters had stabilized to within the established <br />criteria listed in the table below, the water quality was considered to be stable and samples <br />were collected. <br />CONSTITUENT CRITERIA <br />Turbidity ± 10% of reading <br />Specific Conductance ± 10% of reading <br />Temperature ± 0.2 degrees Celsius <br />pH ± 0.2 units, <br />Domestic Well Sampling Methods <br />For domestic wells the water was left to run for approximately 30 minutes prior to sample <br />collection. At the time of sampling, a YSI 3560 Water Quality Meter® (or equivalent) was used to <br />measure field parameters (EC, pH, temperature, and turbidity) and recorded on a Well Data Sheet. <br /> <br />Surface-Water Sampling <br />Surface water sampling is performed by submerging laboratory-supplied sample containers or a <br />decontaminated sampling dipper into the surface water channel at the designated sampling <br />stations. At the time of sampling, a YSI 3560 Water Quality Meter® (or equivalent) was used to <br />measure field parameters (EC, pH, temperature, and turbidity) and recorded on a Well Data Sheet. <br />