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6.3. The blast designer(s) must have thorough knowledge and understanding of the blast requirements (The goal of the blast, in this case casing perforation) and constraints (Such as underground and above ground utilities, storm drains, sewer lines, water main, buildings, parking lots, high traffic areas, etc.) for each individual application. If the lead blaster is unfamiliar with a particular application, design, or product, outside help shall be obtained from a consultant or explosive -supplier representative who is familiar with the application or product. 6.4. Blast design geometry shall be appropriate for the application. The geology of the blast site and area control requirements must be considered when selecting hole size, explosive diameter, stemming height, and all other design dimensions. This information is often located on the well drillers report filed with the Department of Water Resources. Initiation System Guidelines: 6.5. Electric initiation systems must provide protection against stray current hazards with the use of the wire shunts. 6.6. Delay timing schemes shall be as simple as possible, while providing adequate burden relief and sufficiently advanced in-hole energization to prevent surface cut-off failures. 6.7. NONEL initiation systems shall be used whenever possible to eliminate potential electric initiation hazards. 7. BLAST PLANNING Good advance planning and preparation work will improve blasting productivity and safety. Blast planners shall: 7.1. Determine the number, skill and experience requirements of drillers, blasters, and helpers required to perform the work. 7.2. Prepare a blasting work schedule that allows for unforeseen problems or delays. 7.3. Develop plans for dealing with special environmental conditions might occur during this work. Examples are lightning, floods, cold or hot weather, etc. 7.4. Define and obtain any special equipment that may be needed for the blasting work. 7.5. Plan to have back-up units to replace critical instruments like blasting machines and non- electric initiating devices. 7.6. The functionality of all critical instruments like blasting machines, testers, and seismographs shall be tested the day before and the day of each scheduled blast. 7.7. Spare batteries and other essential parts for blasting instruments shall be kept at the job site. 7.8. Evaluate local services and carefully screen potential product and service providers. 7.9. Investigate explosive storage and delivery options. If it is necessary to establish a temporary magazine site, allow several months of time to negotiate leases and for permitting. Page 4