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rainfall or irrigation. Runoff is ponded in the small vernalools p , is very slow or ponded in the leveled areas, and is slow on the convex slopes. The hazard of water erosion is slight. The rate of t t water intake in irrigated areas is g 1.5 Inches per hour. The soil is not subject to flooding. Most areas are used for livestock grazing or for irrigated pasture, irrigated crops, or vineyards. A _ few areas are used for homesite development. This unit may provide wetland functions and values. These should be considered in plans for enhancement of wildlife habitat or land use conversion. Where this unit is used for livestock grazing, general management considerations include saturated soil conditions in concave areas following rainy periods. The characteristic plant community is mainly soft chess, foxtail fescue, and filaree. Grazing should be delayed until the soil is firm enough to withstand trampling by livestock and the more desirable forage plants have had an opportunity to set seed. This unit is suited to irrigated pasture. The main limitations are the complex slopes and the low I available wa er capaci y. eveling helps to ensure a uniform application of water. Because the soil is droughty, applications of irrigation water should be light and frequent..The water can be applied ' by sprinkler and border methods. Proper stocking rates, pasture rotation, and restricted grazing during wet periods help to keep the pasture in good condition and protect the soil from compaction. This unit is suited to irrigated row, field, and vineyard crops, The main limitations are the complex slopes, depth to the very slowly permeable elaypan and hardpan, and the low available water capacity. Leveling helps to ensure a uniform application of water. The hardpan limits the suitability i v .f for deep-rooted crops. Where feasible, deep rippingof this restrictive layer can help to overcome this limitation. A tillage pan forms easily if the soil is tilled when wet. Chiseling or subsoiling i breaks up the pan. Because the soil is droughty, applications of irrigation water should be light # - and frequent. Furrow, border, and sprinkler irrigation Systems are suitable. Returning crop residue 3 to the soil or regularly adding other organic material improves fertility, minimizes crusting, and maintains the rate of water intake. If this unit is used for homesite development, the main limitations are depth to the very slowly permeable elaypan and hardpan, the high shrink-swell potential, and low strength in the clayey subsoil. On sites for septic tank absorption fields, the very slow permeability can be overcome by •• increasing the size of the absorption field, backfilling the trench with sandy material, and installing z ; long absorption lines. Ripping.the hardpan improves permeability and thus.also improves the suitability of the soil for septic tank absorption fields. Excavation for building sites is limited by the hardpan. Properly designing foundations and footings and diverting runoff away from buildings help to prevent the structural damage caused by shrinking and swelling. Properly designing buildings and roads can offset the limited ability of the soil to support a load. g g � i This map unit is in capability unit IVs-3_(MLRA-17), irrigated and nonirrigated. It is in vegetative soil group D. Refer to page 22 for Endnotes and Reference Sources i °Western Dairy Design Associates,Inc.2003 t Page 6