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1 102 S. F. Barrington, R. Stilborn, R. G4 a Moreno (1972) have recommended an organic liner rich in should never be emptied, in order to protect the cellulose, such as that made up of grasses, straw and against the adverse lner can en of dryinghance and n freeziess gl 1 potato beet tops, stalks and leaves. Enhanced gleization has been tested in the labo- zation, if (Sorensen, 1982; Knowles, 1982): ratory for the storage of wastewater and water. _ the C/N ratio is balanced at 20; Tollner et al. (1983) used crop residues such as cot- — it contains cellulose of variable decompositi ton-gin trash and ground corn-cobs to build organic rate; liners to seal sandy loam columns exposed to 1.5%n _ it possesses a low permeability because of TS of swine manure. seepage rates as low as well-distributed particle size. 4x 10-7 m s-' were obtained after 30 days. By sub- merging in water soils of 40% clay particle content containing a liner of either straw or old manure METHODS Nicholaichuk (1978) obtained seepage rates as low A loam was used to build the soil cores within as 8 x 10-s m s-' after 60 days. Gleization was found to be both longer lasting experimental column (Tables 1 and 2). The e and as effective as Na dispersion in sealing soil mental soil was obtained from the C horizon (1.0 (Nicholaichuk, 1978). Sodium is leached by divalent depth) of a site found in the Canadian Prairi cations normally dissolved in water in greater con- the region of Brooks, Alberta. This loam h centration. In order to maintain this dispersion organic matter content of 1.7% and a clay p ,- effect, Na must be added to the storage water on a content of 24%. The high level of organic ma regular basis at a concentration giving a sodium typical of some soils in the Canadian Prairies, absorption ratio (SAR) over 10 (McNeal, 1974; the the soil surfacer even during the ains tsummer hin 2MO Nicholaichuk, 1978). The soil had a moisture content of 19%, by we] Enhanced gleization does not guarantee low seep- age rates when the soil is exposed to when it was packed manually into the experim, freezing/thawing and wetting/drying cycles (McCon- columns. key et al., 1990a, b). A ten-fold increase in seepage Straw, solid beeflot manure and broiler litter„ rate has been observed with such cycles, even with the organic materials tested as liners (Tables-k" the addition of sodium carbonate. Therefore, all 2). The straw and' manure coombbinu earthen structures sealed by enhanced gleization designed to give a variable C/N, range of , ,t 'fable t. Chemical composition of the experimental material Experimental material Soil Organic matter Wast � Property - - -— Straw Beeflot Poultry manure manure 80.6 (1.15) 92 36 74 233 (137+ Dry matter, /o '�- _ 8.1 PH" mg 1 8-2 (0-21)( _ — — 244(; • C.E.C.,meq k - 147 (3-4) _ — 2-44( , -� 16.9 (1-35) — O.M., % d b. 1.7 (0.10 97.5 (1.27) 98-4 (8-95) 87-7 (9-92) _ TKN g kp-' d.b. 0.88 (0.150) 7-00 (0-20) 3400 (4-Zu) 43 00 (460) 210(. 000 5400 9 mglH - N ,-N mg kg-' d.b. 4-2 (1-19) 30(1 — — 198 mg 1-' NO,-N mg kg-' d.b. 1-2(0-35) 135 76.0_ — 0.55, mgl-' 77.4 16.3 11.2 58t' C/N 10 5 — — Ca+Mg, mg kg-' d.b. 112 (20 2) _ — — 5 mg l_i — .> Na mg kF-' d.b. 121 (13.3) mg 1- K mg kg-' d.b. 2.15 (0374) SAR 22 Note: The organic matter content was converted to carbon by dividing by 1.8. The value in parenthesis is ', deviation. ai