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�r 5 Benzene is regulated as a potential occupational carcinogen and has been associated with leukemia. Acute health effects include irritation to the eyes, nose and respiratory system, headache, giddiness, nausea, and anorexia. Benzene can also lead to disturbances in gait, dermatitis, and bone marrow depression. The other BTEX compounds (toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylenes) may cause irritation to the eyes, nose and respiratory system, and dermatitis. Acute exposure can lead to central nervous system effects including headache, dizziness, confusion, and irritability. Exposure to toluene may also result in pupil dilatation, nervousness, and insomnia. Elevated concentrations of xylene isomers may lead to corneal damage, and gastrointestinal symptoms including abdominal pain, nausea and vomiting. Exposure to total petroleum hydrocarbons TPH may also occur. TPH refer to heavy p ( ) Y v}' hydrocarbons which may present a fire hazard in extreme circumstances, such as the presence of flame, excessive heat or strong oxidizers. Acute exposure to heavy petroleum hydrocarbons may irritate the skin and eyes. Presently, there are no known chronic health effects associated with heavy petroleum hydrocarbons. An exposure limit for heavy petroleum hydrocarbons has not been established due to the varied chemical composition. Table 1 presents a summary of the chemical exposure limits and characteristics associated with the substances of concern. Material safety data sheets (MSDSs) for these substances and for lead are included as Appendix A. i� Table 1. Summary of Chemical Exposure Limits and Characteristics Associated with Substances of Concern Chemical IPa TLVb IDLW level Flammable range, percent Notesd Benzene 9.24 1 ppme Ca 1.2 to 7.8 C,F Toluene 8.82 50 ppm 500 ppm 1.l. to 7.1 T,F Ethylbenzene 8.76 100 ppm 800 ppm 0.8•to 6.7 T,F Xylene 8.56 100 ppm 900 ppm 0.9 to 7.0 T,F Tetraethyl lead 11..1 0.075 mg/m3e 40 mg/m3 1.8+ T,F . Alonization potential in electron-volts(eV). bThreshold Limit Value as the airborne 8-hour time-weighted average(TWA)established by the American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH), 1995-1996. `Immediately Dangerous to Life and Health level as published in the National Institute for Occupational ^, Safety and Health (NIOSH),Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 1994 edition. dHazard category; C-Carcinogen; F-Flammable; T-Toxic. `NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards, 1994 edition. _ Ea62711ssHP.DOC �r