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' • • �� KLEINFELDER 5.2 CONCLUSIONS ' Soil samples were collected from the deep soil borings from what was interpreted to be clay ' material. The soil samples were analyzed for hydraulic conductivity using a falling head permeameter. The soil samples collected from the deep soil boring near the 1 million gallon pond (TW-1) had a permeability ranging from 8.0 x 10-5 cm/sec to 9.60 x 10-8 cm/sec. The soil samples collected from the proposed 72 million gallon pond (TW-2) showed a permeability of 9.0 x 10-6 to 4.14 x 10-7 cm/sec, typically an engineered clay liner for a pond will require a ' permeability of 10-6 magnitude. The clays encountered in the deep soil borings are approximately 1 to 2 orders of magnitude higher than what is routinely required to stem the vertical penetration of fluid flow through a pond liner, with the exception of the shallow soil sample collected at 5 feet below the ground surface in TW-l. The soil samples were classified through a grain size analysis as clayey fine sandy silt and clayey silt. ' Groundwater or meteoric water penetration is governed by both vertical and horizontal components, such as pressure and gradient. It should be noted that although the clay encountered is typically sufficient to retard vertical flow, it does not necessarily stop or slow the horizontal ' component if there is not a sufficient enough gradient barrier present. ' The groundwater samples collected for analysis from the deep soil borings were analyzed for sodium, chloride, total dissolved solids, dissolved inorganic solids, and electrical conductivity. ' The groundwater samples were compared to the maximum contaminant levels (MCLS) or applicable guidelines established by the State of California Environmental Protection Agency. ' Sodium concentration was detected in TW-1 and TW-2 groundwater samples at 386 mg/L and 340 mg/L respectively. The United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has ' established a Suggested No Adverse Response Levels (SNARLS) for sodium at 2 mg/L. The reported range of sodium in the facility wastewater is 550 mg/L to 650 mg/L. Although the ' sodium concentrations in both groundwater samples exceeded the USEPA SNARLS, the concentration of sodium in the groundwater samples is far below the range of sodium in the ' wastewater. ' The concentration of chloride in TWA was 480 mg/L. The California EPA (EPA) has an established secondary MCL (SMCL) of 250 mg/L. The groundwater sample collected from TW- 1 had a concentration of chloride exceeding the SMCL. The concentration of chloride in TW-2 20-2594-03.004/2011 R447 Page 13 of 16 ' Copyright 2011 Kleinfelder, Inc. June 8,2001