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Accordingly, 100 percent participation in the recycling program with <br />100 percent recovery efficiency of participants would divert 25 percent of <br />the residential waste stream. Realistically, participation will be consid- <br />erably less than 100 percent. Table D-1 illustrates the diversion of mate- <br />rials from landfill as a function of participation without consideraion of <br />recovery efficiency of each participant. <br />Participation -Rate <br />100 percent <br />90 percent <br />80 percent <br />60 percent <br />50 percent <br />40 percent <br />30 percent <br />20 percent <br />10 percent <br />5 percent <br />Diversion from Landfill <br />30 percent <br />27 percent <br />24 percent <br />18 percent <br />15 percent <br />12 percent <br />9 percent <br />6 percent <br />3 percent <br />1.5 percent <br />Participation rates vary from community to community and by program <br />type.' Curbside programs typically enjoy the highest participation rate fol- <br />lowed by buy-back and donation centers. <br />Benefits of Source -Separation <br />The major benefits of source -separation, as with most other methods <br />of recycling, consist of: <br />• Materials Conservation <br />• Energy Conservation <br />• Landfill Capacity Conservation <br />• Greater Public Awareness <br />The materials conservation benefit results from displacement of virgin <br />feed stocks in the manufacture of new products. <br />Energy conservation accrues due to the reduce energy requirements of <br />converting secondary materials to new products when compared to manufacture <br />from virgin feedstock. According to a report recently released by the <br />California State Waste Management Board, entitled "Energy Analysis of Secon- <br />dary Materials Use and Product Manufacture," the net energy savings associated <br />with curbside recycling by material is as follows: <br />