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14.1 .6 Funding for Hazardous Material Emergencies As discussed above, responsibility for the cleanup of hazardous material spills falls on (1) Caltrans for incidents that occur on state highways, (2) the County Office of Emergency Services for incidents that occur on county roads, and (3) city governments for incidents that occur within city limits. Unless responsible parties are found, these agencies must pay for cleanup. In some cases, however, funding may be available from the state or EPA. Funding for hazardous material spill cleanups may be obtained from the state Emergency Reserve Account (ERA) . The ERA is an annual $1,000,000 fund for taking immediate corrective action necessary to remedy or prevent an emergency resulting from a fire, explosion, or human exposure to a release or threatened release of hazardous sub- stances. This includes local responses to "midnight dumping" of hazardous wastes and spill situations in which a responsible party is not present or is uncooperative. The activities that may be funded included fencing, guard service, sampling, or immediate remedial measures. The procedures for requesting funding are outlined in Appendix H. Reimbursement for costs of temporary emergency measures taken to prevent or mitigate injury to human health or the environment may also be obtained from EPA. Temporary measures include activities such as erecting security fencing to limit access, responding to fires and explosions, and other measures that require immediate response to hazardous substance threats at the local level . This program, author- ized under the Superfund Amendments and Reauthorization Act of 1986 (SARA) , allows reimbursement only if it does not take the place of local funds normally provided for response actions. In addition, reimbursement is limited to $25,000 per response. The EPA interim final rule (which appeared in the Federal Register, Volume 52, PJ9 9390502E.00D 14-5 Rev. 1 11/09/88