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LLNL Emergency Management Plan(EPlan) Rev 26 January 2021 Floodiniz According to ES&HManual Document 22.4, "Earthquakes," flooding would not occur at LLNL from a failure of the Del Valle Reservoir dam, from loss of water from the Patterson Reservoir, or from a break in the South Bay Aqueduct near LLNL. However, flooding is still a possibility at LLNL due to storms. According to a recent U.S. Geological Survey report, scientists believe a megastorm occurs in California once every 165 to 400 years. Called"ARkStorms"by the U.S. Geological Survey, these megastorms are caused by a long band of sub-tropical moisture known as the "pineapple express"that sometimes stretches across the Pacific Ocean to the California Coast. These storms are estimated to produce precipitation that in many places exceeds levels only experienced on average once every 500 to 1,000 years. The last large ARkStorm to hit California occurred in December 1861 and lasted through January 1862, turning the Sacramento valley into an inland sea and causing the state capitol to be moved temporarily to San Francisco. Geologic studies of deposits offshore of California's big rivers suggest that storms even bigger than 1861-62 have happened six times in the last 1800 years. Smaller ARkStorms caused significant damage in northern California in 1986 and 1997. The U.S. Geological Survey predicts that the next large ARkStorm to hit California will cause more damage than even a big earthquake on the San Andreas Fault. To help prepare for response to flooding events, LLNL participates in the ARkStorm flooding exercises conducted by the State of California's Office of Emergency Management. 1.4.2.6 Transportation System Public Transportation Public transportation is available in the Livermore, CA area, including bus services in some areas of Alameda County, and an extensive rail infrastructure that provides a mix of services exists within the nine Bay Area counties. Bay Area Rapid Transit, commonly known as BART, provides commuter rail service to San Francisco, Contra Costa County, Alameda County, and San Mateo County. The Amtrak Thruway Bus Route 34 goes from Stockton to San Francisco through Livermore, with stops in Tracy, Livermore, and Dublin/Pleasanton. Highways Due to the large volume of vehicle traffic, highway systems in the area are robust. The following interstate highways handle large volumes of vehicle traffic daily, but if interstates are congested, alternate routes are available: • Interstate highway 580 crosses the San Pablo Bay over the Richmond-San Rafael Bridge, goes through Richmond as the John T. Knox Freeway,passes through Oakland as the MacArthur Freeway, then continues to Livermore, through the Altamont Pass to Tracy, where it intersects with Interstate 5, thus providing a link with Southern California. 21