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16 API RECOMMENDED PRACTICE 1646 5.6.1 Distractions There are many activities that can distract a driver.It is the responsibility of each driver to ensure they devote full attention to driving when operating a motor vehicle.Any activity that detracts from the ability of a driver to operate their vehicle safely should be avoided.Listed below are a few of the distracting activities that can take place in a moving vehicle. • Drivers should not eat while driving. • Conversations with vehicle passengers should be limited to ensure the driver's attention is not distracted from the task of driving safely. • Drivers should avoid adjusting the radio or tape/CD player while the vehicle is moving. • Reaching for miscellaneous objects (phones, CDs, paperwork, sunglasses, etc.) should be avoided while a vehicle is in motion. • Drivers should not try to review maps or paperwork while the vehicle is moving. • Drivers should be aware that loss of concentration or focus(daydreaming)will increase the risk of a vehicle accident.Nec- essary measures should be taken to ensure this does not occur while operating a moving vehicle. • Grooming activities such as shaving or putting on makeup(by the driver)in a moving vehicle are prohibited. 5.6.2 Fatigue All drivers shall be rested and alert to drive the vehicle.Proper sleep and alertness is required for safe driving,so only drive when physically and mentally capable of doing so safely. 5.6.3 Defensive Driving Drive defensively.This means: • Be alert to traffic and road conditions at all times. • Avoid driving errors. • Compensate for the mistakes of other drivers. Make necessary adjustments to avoid getting into accident-producing situations. Workers who drive vehicles for business reasons should have formal defensive driving training. 5.6.4 Alcohol and Drugs While Driving • Do not drive under the influence of alcohol or drugs including prescription drugs that can affectjudgment. • Possession of alcoholic beverages or illegal drugs is prohibited. 5.6.5 Passengers Workers shall not ride in a non-passenger area of heavy equipment,machinery,or motor vehicles at any time.This includes the back of pick-ups,trucks,trailers,booms,buckets,sides or any exterior area of heavy equipment. 5.7 POSTED SPEED LIMITS Drivers shall obey posted speed limits at all times.When weather conditions are poor or traffic is congested,it may be necessary to drive slower than posted speed limits.Workers shall not drive faster than conditions allow. 5.8 TRAFFIC PATTERNS Most sites have entrances and exits on more than one side of the property.Therefore,traffic patterns at sites may be complex with vehicles coming from several directions.Some sites are situated in the middle of a block or on a divided road with entrances only on one side. Depending on the layout of the facility,these types of sites may have a vehicle flow that is dominated by a single direction of traffic.It is the responsibility of the worker to understand traffic patterns within a site so as to safely operate his/her vehicle within the property and to properly situate the work area.