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Soil Sample Headspace Screening Protocol Paragon field-screens soils for total organic vapors (TOV) using a field-portable photoionization detector (PID) equipped with a 10.6 eV bulb. We program the PID with the isobutylene response factor(0.6), then calibrate it using a 100 parts per million (ppm) isobutylene gas standard to yield "total ionizable organic vapors" in ppmv (parts-per-million by volume), as benzene. We re- calibrate the PID in this way every 10-25 analyses thereafter. We operate and maintain the PID according to the manufacturer's specifications. Upon sample collection, Paragon partially fills either glass sampling jars (8 ounce or greater) or dedicated disposable Ziplock® plastic-freezer bags between one-half to one third with soil. We then seal the jars with aluminum foil or zip up plastic bags, taking care to ensure the threads cover the jar or the zipper of the plastic bag is free of soil. We shake the sample vigorously for 15 seconds, allowing the headspace to develop for at least one minute, then shake the sample vigorously for 15 seconds again. Paragon then inserts the PID probe through the aluminum foil (jar method) or into a small opening in the bag's seal (bag method) to a point approximately one-half of the headspace depth, taking care to avoid water droplets or soil particles. When ambient air temperatures are below approximately 10°C (457), we conduct headspace development inside a heated vehicle or building. We record the highest PID response following probe insertion as the specific headspace concentration for that individual soil sample. Note: Federal Aviation Administration regulations forbid the transport of pressurized gas cylinders as passenger airline baggage, so Paragon did not bring calibration standard gas to California. We calibrated the PID prior to traveling in accordance with the above protocol, and checked the response upon returning. This check indicated 82%response.