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Chemwatch:4650.13 Page 10 of 18 Issue Date:11/12/2018
<br /> Version No:7.1.1.1 API Pond Ammonia Test Solution#1 Print Date:06121/2019
<br /> Reactivity See section 7
<br /> � Unstable in the presence of incompatible materials.
<br /> Chemical stability Product is considered stable.
<br /> Hazardous polymerisation will not occur.
<br /> Possibility of hazardous See section 7
<br /> reactions
<br /> Conditions to avoid See section 7
<br /> Incompatible materials See section 7
<br /> Hazardous See section 5
<br /> decomposition products
<br /> SECTION 11 TOXICOLOGICAL INFORMATION
<br /> Information on toxicological effects
<br /> Inhalation of vapours or aerosols(mists,fumes),generated by the material during the course of normal handling,may be
<br /> harmful.
<br /> The material is not thought to produce respiratory irritation(as classified by EC Directives using animal models).
<br /> Nevertheless inhalation of vapours,fumes or aerosols,especially for prolonged periods,may produce respiratory
<br /> discomfort and occasionally,distress.
<br /> Inhaled The very low volatility of polyethylene glycols(PEGS)make inhalation exposure unlikely other than in the form of mist
<br /> which may be formed by violent agitation or at high temperatures.No toxic effects have been reported through inhalation.
<br /> [AIHA Journal]
<br /> Polyglycols at 200 mg/I were easily inhaled with no adverse effects
<br /> Inhalation hazard is increased at higher temperatures.
<br /> Accidental ingestion of the material may be harmful;animal experiments indicate that ingestion of less than 150 gram
<br /> may be fatal or may produce serious damage to the health of the individual.
<br /> Although the polyethylene glycols(PEGS)are extremely low in acute oral toxicity,the LD50s decrease as the molecular
<br /> weights increase.PEGs of average molecular weights 4000 to 6000 are not absorbed from the rat intestine within 5 hours
<br /> whilst the lower molecular weight variety(1000 to 1540)are absorbed to only a slight extent
<br /> Large oral doses of salicylates may cause mild burning pain in the throat,stomach and usually prompt vomiting.Several
<br /> hours may elapse before the development of deep and rapid breathing,lassitude,anorexia,nausea,vomiting,thirst and
<br /> occasional diarrhoea.Common derivatives of salicylic acid produce substantially the same toxic syndrome,("salicylism").
<br /> Major signs and symptoms arise from stimulation and terminal depression of the central nervous system.Stimulation
<br /> produces vomiting,hyperpnea(abnormal increase in rate and depth of respiration),headache,tinnitus(ringing in the ears)
<br /> confusion,bizarre behaviour or mania,generalised convulsions.Death is due to respiratory failure or cardiovascular
<br /> collapse.Severe sensory disturbances such as deafness and dimness of vision are common.Less common features
<br /> include sweating,skin eruptions,gastrointestinal and other hemorrhages,renal failure and pancreatitis.A tendency to
<br /> bleed may be manifest by blood in the vomitus(haematemesis),bloody stools(melena)or purplish-red spots(petechiae)
<br /> on the skin.Many of the toxic effects detailed here are due to or aggravated by severe disturbance of acid-base balance
<br /> with the chief cause being prolonged hyperventilation from central stimulation.An assessment of acute salicylate
<br /> intoxication based on dose suggests;500 mg/kg:Potentially lethal
<br /> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs(NSAID)can cause serious gastrointestinal(GI)adverse events including
<br /> inflammation,bleeding,ulceration,and perforation of the stomach,small intestine,or large intestine,which can be fatal.
<br /> These serious adverse events can occur at any time,with or without warning symptoms,in patients treated with NSAIDs.
<br /> Only one in five patients,who develop a serious upper GI adverse event on NSAID therapy,is symptomatic.Upper GI
<br /> Ingestion ulcers,gross bleeding,or perforation caused by NSAIDs occur in approximately 1%of patients treated for 3-6 months,
<br /> and in about 2-4%of patients treated for one year.These trends continue with longer duration of use,increasing the
<br /> likelihood of developing a serious GI event at some time during the course of therapy.
<br /> Anaphylactoid(allergic)reactions may occur.This typically occurs in asthmatic patients who experience rhinitis with or
<br /> without nasal polyps,or who exhibit severe,potentially fatal bronchospasm after taking aspirin or other NSAIDs.NSAIDs,
<br /> can cause serious skin adverse events such as exfoliative dermatitis,Stevens-Johnson Syndrome(SJS),and toxic
<br /> epidermal necrolysis(TEN),which can be fatal
<br /> Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug(NSAID)overdose may produce nausea,vomiting,indigestion and epigastric pain.
<br /> Central nervous system effects may include drowsiness,dizziness,mental confusion,disorientation,lethargy,
<br /> paraesthesia,numbness,intense headache,blurred vision,tinnitus,decreased auditory acuity,ataxia,muscle twitching,
<br /> convulsions,stupor and coma.Other reported effects include sweating,oliguria or anuria,tachycardia and hypo-or
<br /> hypertension.Renal damage may also occur.
<br /> A number of materials such as cyanamide,calcium cyanamide,cyanates,isocyanates,isonitrile,thiocyanates,
<br /> ferricyanide and ferrocyanide,other complex metallocyanides and cyanoacetates do not exhibit the same toxicology as
<br /> cyanides and nitriles.
<br /> Complex cyanides are compounds in which the cyanide anion is incorporated into a complex or complexes;these
<br /> compounds are different in chemical and toxicologic properties from simple cyanides.In solution,the stability of the
<br /> cyanide complex varies with the type of cation and the complex that it forms.Some of these are dissociable in weak
<br /> acids to give free cyanide and a cation,while other complexes require much stronger acidic conditions for dissociation.
<br /> The least-stable complex metallocyanides include[Zn(CN)4]2-,Cd(CN)3-,and[Cd(CN)4]2-;moderately stable complexes
<br /> include Cu(CN)2-,[Cu(CN)3]2-,[Ni(CN)4]2-,and Ag(CN)2-;and the most stable complexes include[Fe(CN)6]4-and
<br /> [Co(CN)6]4-.The toxicity of complex cyanides is usually related to their ability to release cyanide ions in solution,which
<br /> Continued...
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