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4 Environmental Analysis 4.6 Energy • The effects of the project on peak and base period demands for electricity and other forms of energy. • The degree to which the project complies with existing energy standards. • The effects of the project on energy resources. • The project's projected transportation energy use requirements and its overall use of efficient transportation alternatives. 4.6.5 Impact Analysis IMPACT 4.6-1: Would the project result in potentially significant environmental impact due to wasteful, inefficient, or unnecessary consumption of energy resources, during project construction or operation? (Less than Significant Impact) Construction Construction equipment would comply with federal, state, and regional requirements where applicable. With respect to truck fleet operators, the USEPA and National Highway Traffic Safety Administration have adopted fuel efficiency standards for medium- and heavy-duty trucks. The Phase 1 heavy-duty truck standards apply to combination tractors, heavy-duty pickup trucks and vans, and vocational vehicles for model years 2014 through 2018 and result in a reduction in fuel consumption from 6 to 23 percent over the 2010 baseline, depending on the vehicle type. The USEPA and the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration also adopted the Phase 2 heavy- duty truck standards, which cover model years 2021 through 2027 and require the phase-in of a 5 to 25 percent reduction in fuel consumption over the 2017 baseline, depending on the compliance year and vehicle type. These regulations would have an overall beneficial effect on reducing fuel consumption from trucks over time as older trucks are replaced with newer models that meet these standards. In addition, construction equipment and trucks are required to comply with California Air Resources Board regulations regarding heavy duty truck idling limits of 5 minutes at a location and the phase-in of off-road emission standards that result in an increase in energy savings in the form of reduced fuel consumption from more fuel-efficient engines. These regulations are intended to reduce criteria pollutant emissions; however, compliance with the anti-idling and emissions regulations would also result in the efficient use of construction-related energy. Fuel consumption from construction equipment was conservatively estimated by converting the total CO2 emissions from the construction phase to gallons using conversion factors for CO2 to gallons of diesel. The conversion factor for diesel is 10.21 kilograms CO2 per gallon (The Climate Registry 2022). The Project would emit 2,307 metric tons of CO2 (2,307,000 kilograms) annually during construction, as calculated in the Air Quality and Greenhouse Gas Technical Report for the Project, included as Appendix D to this EIR. This equates to 225,924 gallons of diesel fuel, if all of the CO2 is conservatively assumed to be emitted from diesel equipment. If all 2,307 metric tons of CO2 were associated with gasoline consumption, the conversion factor for gasoline is 19.2 kilograms per gallon (The Climate Registry 2022), equating to 120,156 gallons of gasoline consumption. Griffith Energy Storage Project 4.6-5 Tetra Tech/SCH 2022120675 Draft Environmental Impact Report August 2023